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081204133610.htm
A Little Wine Boosts Omega-3 In The Body: Novel Mechanism For A Healthier Heart
Found
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Moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids
in plasma and red blood cells. The study suggests that wine does better than
other alcoholic drinks. (Credit: iStockphoto/Andrzej Stajer)
ScienceDaily (Dec. 5, 2008) — Moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher
levels of omega-3 fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells. This is the major
finding of the European study IMMIDIET that will be published in the January
issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The study suggests that wine does better than other alcoholic drinks. This
effect could be ascribed to compounds other than alcohol itself, representing a
key to understand the mechanism lying behind the heart protection observed in
moderate wine drinkers.
The IMMIDIET study examined 1,604 citizens from three geographical areas:
south-west London in England, Limburg in Belgium and Abruzzo in Italy. Thanks
to a close cooperation with General Practitioners of these areas, all
participants underwent a comprehensive medical examination, including a one
year recall food frequency questionnaire to assess their dietary intake,
alcohol consumption included.
Omega-3 fatty acids, mainly derived from fish, are considered as protective
against coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death, thus their high blood
concentration is definitely good for our health.
Now European researchers found that moderate alcohol drinking acts like a
'trigger', boosting the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in our body.
"Several studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption, including wine,
is associated with protection against coronary heart disease and ischemic
stroke - says Romina di Giuseppe, lead author of the study, from the Research
Laboratories at Catholic University of Campobasso - Although the mechanisms are
not completely defined, there was some evidence that alcohol intake might
influence the metabolism of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, as omega-3.
That is exactly what we found in our population study. People drinking moderate
amounts of alcohol, one drink a day for women and two for men, had higher
concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells
independently of their fish intake".
However important these results appear to be, the best is yet to come.
Researchers from Catholic University of Campobasso, in Italy, and from
University of Grenoble, in France, turned their attention on the variety of
alcoholic beverages consumed in order to see whether the high levels of omega-3
fatty acids detected might be ascribed to alcohol itself or to other substances.
"From our previous studies we know that association between wine drinking and
increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids have been observed – says Michel
de Lorgeril, from the University of Grenoble, partner of the IMMIDIET project
and co-leader of the study - Nevertheless, it was not possible to separate the
effects of wine from those of beer or spirits. Our study of 3 populations with
different dietary habits and different consumption of alcoholic beverages types
allowed us to explore this aspect.".
"Analysis carried out on different alcoholic beverages –argues Licia Iacoviello
coordinator of the IMMIDIET study at Catholic University of Campobasso - showed
that the association between alcohol and omega-3 fatty acids was present in
both wine drinkers and beer or spirits drinkers. However, the association was
stronger between wine drinking and omega-3 fatty acids levels. This suggests
that components of wine other than alcohol is associated with omega-3 fatty
acids concentration. We may guess this effect can be ascribed to polyphenols".
Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds contained in a different variety
of food and beverages, such as wine. Due to their strong antioxidant activity,
they are able to reduce oxidation processes caused by free radicals.
"We consider these data to be a major finding - de Lorgeril concludes - opening
a new window in the field of cardiovascular prevention. Beyond the alcohol
issue, our results raise crucial questions regarding the effects of polyphenols
on lipids (both in blood and cell membranes) and possibly of lipids on
polyphenols".
The IMMIDIET study
Funded by the European Union under Key Action 1: Food, Nutrition and Health
QLK1-CT-2000-00100, IMMIDIET aims to acquire fundamental knowledge in the field
of cardiovascular disease, especially regarding the interaction between
genetics and lifestyle.
At the core of the study there is an important episode of Italian migration:
Belgium, a country that became the new home for thousands of Italians, mostly
from the Abruzzo region, who came to work in the mines. Many of those emigrants
didn't come back to Italy but remained in their new country. Some of them
married a Belgian partner. Their genes remained the same, of course, but how
much "Italy" is still there in their diet? And how much did they transmit it to
their spouses? Moreover, how many Italian emigrants assimilate dietary habits
of the country in which they were guests? In this framework, the role of
genetic factors and lifestyle can be assessed to explore new ways in prevention
of cardiovascular diseases.
To carry on the research, married couples have been recruited in three European
areas: South-East London in England, Limburg in Belgium and Abruzzo in Italy.
In the first phase of the study the couples involved were formed by people from
the same area, Italians married with Italians (in the Abruzzo region), Belgians
married with Belgians (in the Limburg area) and English married with English
(in the South-East part of London)".
The second phase of IMMIDIET recruited mixed Italian–Belgian couples to
understand if, acquiring dietary habits from Abruzzo, the Belgian partner
changed his own risk regarding heart diseases.
Adapted from materials provided by Catholic University, via EurekAlert!, a
service of AAAS.
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Catholic University (2008, December 5). A Little Wine Boosts Omega-3 In The
Body: Novel Mechanism For A Healthier Heart Found. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
December 5, 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com
/releases/2008/12/081204133610.htm
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