Andrew Sloop wrote: > > Hello Bob > > I was reading you post on the Starved Electrode process and some question > occurred to me. I am sure that the answers will seem obvious to you. But > obviously not to me. Please feel free to forward your reply to anyone that > you think would benefit from your reply. > > Thanks > Andy > > -----Original Message----- > From: Tai-Pan [mailto:l...@fbtc.net] > Sent: Monday, April 26, 1999 6:35 PM > To: kense...@earthlink.net; asl...@oco.net > Cc: silver-list@eskimo.com > Subject: Starved Electrodes Technique > > The Starved Electroded was discovered quite by accident while during > experiments for constructing current density tables. Any good meters > will be satisfactory, however I was using an RS model 174B LCD Digital > Auto-ranging multimeter
Hi Andy, > > 1.) I am not familiar with what the initials RS stands for. RS = Radio Shack > > The thing to do is get the electrode potential at 13.3% above the > electron ionization potential. > > 2.) Does this mean that the initial electrode voltage should be "set" for > 13.3% above the ionization potential? No. As current increases, you increase the series resistance until the electrode potential is at 13.3% above the ioization potential. You need to build up a "pool" of ionic silver in the water before you begin applying the starved electrode technique. > > I would select a current I wanted to run at,such as 3 ma ( in my case > that would be 4.5ua/mm2 of wetted electrode area) and keep the current > at 3ma or under during the run. > > 3.) When a strip of silver is used instead of wire do both sides of the > strip have the same current flow? Or does the side closest to the other > electrode have the most current? Should both sides be given the same weight > in the area calculation. Use total area of the wetted surface. Shape is not important. All sides are equal in the current calculation. > > Every 5 minutes stir the water CCW and record the current before and after > stirring. Normally > after each stir the current will drop as the CS is dispersed from the > vicinity of the electrodes. > > 4.) Why CCW? Natural way in northern hemisphere. Never go against nature. Stirring creates a low pressure in the center, which is CCW in nature. You may wish to look into the subject of natural water enhancing. > > I use four sets of electrodes, located around the edge of the vessel. > > 5.) Is the spacing and orientation of the electrodes important? If they are > strips should they face each other and alternate + - etc. I treat each pair of wires as an electrode set, each set is thought of as operating independently of the others. My wire spacing is 3/4 of an inch, if the other sets are over five spacings away very little interaction is found between sets. > > My stirring is in the middle of the CS solution. > > 6.) Can the solution be continuously stirred with a motor? Intermittant stirring is required, otherwise no sawtooth will be observed and you will not know when saturation has occured. > > As the solution becomes saturated and the electrode voltage > reaches the target potential a strange thing will happen. > > 7.) I don't understand. I thought that the voltage was already set for the > correct value. Are you talking about the increasing electrode voltage due > to reduced current flow through the series resistor? Or is this something > else? See above, you work your way down to the target potential. > > Once the the sawtooth reversals are evident the current will no longer > increase, it becomes self regulating. The CS ppm will level off and > remain steady. > > 8.) If the solution was stirred continuously would the saw tooth reversal be > required for the process to function? Without the sawtooth you will not know when saturation has occured. > > I usually let it run another 30 minutes to ensure > complete saturation. The solution is now saturated, will not accept any > more ions. > > 9.) I assume the electrode current is near zero? Read above. The current becomes steady. > > The ionic potential is now 13.3% above the ionization > potential. > > 10.) Because the electrode current is zero? Because the ions are being removed at the same rate they are being created,(saturated),current is steady. Suggest you put one together and do some hands on work. Best way to learn. > > Under this condition the ionic potential will cause the ppm to begin to rise > when > external power is removed. The energy stored in the CS being used to > continue the CS making process. > > 11.) How high will the ppm rise? Depends on how much energy you have stored in the ionized solution. Bless you Bob Lee -- oozing on the muggy shore of the gulf coast l...@fbtc.net -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. To join or quit silver-list or silver-digest send an e-mail message to: silver-list-requ...@eskimo.com -or- silver-digest-requ...@eskimo.com with the word subscribe or unsubscribe in the SUBJECT line. To post, address your message to: silver-list@eskimo.com List maintainer: Mike Devour <mdev...@id.net>
