When you apply current at any voltage to a salt solution like blood, the salt splits into Hypochlorous Acid and Sodium Hydroxide respective to the polarity of the electrodes. Voltage may control how deep the effect goes, [voltage controls ion velocity and a fast bullet goes deeper, more directly seeking it's opposite ion] ....current.....how much chemical produced.

Both Hypochlorous Acid and Sodium Hydroxide will go ahead and kill marginally healthy cells, like cancer. Hypochlorous Acid will sterilize a wound and the corrosive irritation from that oxidizer will jump start new cell growth with no dead or marginalized cells in the way ?? Like sand blasting rust off steel to take paint....chemical debriding...anything not up to snuff gets killed faster and removed along with the already dead.

Nothing left to have to grow *around*, likely far less scarring.
Nothing there to inhibit a stem cell ?
If there are any organic toxins present, the oxidizer Hypochlorous Acid will likely break up the compound. Sodium Hydroxide dissolves fat cells with compromised cell walls. [turning the fat oils into water soluble soap with no clingy surface tension or adhesion, to be washed away...like Formula 409 ]

If you overlook the obvious and complicate the simple, you get a new research grant. The goal is not success or reaching conclusions, it's progress...the slower, the better.
If you succeed, you're done.

Everything they tried worked because there's a common set of factors in all the attempts.

ELECTRO-CHEMICALS..there is NO "electricity" involved other than to produce those chemicals ....at a rate, in a place.

Understand your Zapper and you need not stand under those bureaucratic money grubbing slow pokes.

Ode


At 01:18 PM 8/25/2010 -0500, you wrote:


MEDIUM VOLTAGE:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1881954
Chronic dermal ulcer healing enhanced with monophasic pulsed electrical
stimulation.

The purposes of this randomized, double-blind, multicenter study were to
compare healing of chronic dermal ulcers treated with pulsed electrical
stimulation with healing of similar wounds treated with sham electrical
stimulation and to evaluate patient tolerance to the therapeutic
protocol. Forty-seven patients, aged 29 to 91 years, with 50 stage II,
III, and IV ulcers were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n
= 26) or a control (sham treatment) group (n = 24). Treated wounds
received 30 minutes of pulsed cathodal electrical stimulation twice
daily at a pulse frequency of 128 pulses per second (pps) and a peak
amplitude of 29.2 mA if the wound contained necrotic tissue or any
drainage that was not serosanguinous. A saline-moistened nontreatment
electrode was applied 30.5 cm (12 in) cephalad from the wound. This
protocol was continued for 3 days after the wound was debrided or
exhibited serosanguinous drainage. Thereafter, the polarity of the
treatment electrode on the wound was changed every 3 days until the
wound progressed to a stage II classification. The pulse frequency was
then reduced to 64 pps, and the treatment electrode polarity was changed
daily until the wound was healed. Patients in the control group were
treated with the same protocol, except they received sham electrical
stimulation. After 4 weeks, wounds in the treatment and control groups
were 44% and 67% of their initial size, respectively. The healing rates
per week for the treatment and control groups were 14% and 8.25%,
respectively. The results of this study indicate that pulsed electrical
stimulation has a beneficial effect on healing stage II, III, and IV
chronic dermal ulcers.



LOW VOLTAGE:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20046232
Ultra-low microcurrent in the management of diabetes mellitus,
hypertension and chronic wounds: report of twelve cases and discussion
of mechanism of action.

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of
diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension.
The low levels of antioxidants accompanied by raised levels of markers
of free radical damage play a major role in delaying wound healing.
Ultra-low microcurrent presumably has an antioxidant effect, and it was
shown to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of the study is to
investigate the efficacy of ultra-low microcurrent delivered by the
Electro Pressure Regeneration Therapy (EPRT) device (EPRT
Technologies-USA, Simi Valley, CA) in the management of diabetes,
hypertension and chronic wounds. The EPRT device is an electrical device
that sends a pulsating stream of electrons in a relatively low
concentration throughout the body. The device is noninvasive and
delivers electrical currents that mimic the endogenous electric energy
of the human body. It is a rechargeable battery-operated device that
delivers a direct current (maximum of 3 milliAmperes) of one polarity
for 11.5 minutes, which then switched to the opposite polarity for
another 11.5 minutes. The resulting cycle time is approximately 23min or
0.000732 Hz and delivers a square wave bipolar current with a voltage
ranging from 5V up to a maximum of 40 V. The device produces a current
range of 3 mA down to 100 nA. Twelve patients with long standing
diabetes, hypertension and unhealed wounds were treated with EPRT. The
patients were treated approximately for 3.5 h/day/5 days a week.
Assessment of ulcer was based on scale used by National Pressure Ulcer
Advisory Panel Consensus Development Conference. Patients were
followed-up with daily measurement of blood pressure and blood glucose
level, and their requirement for medications was recorded. Treatment
continued from 2-4 months according to their response. Results showed
that diabetes mellitus and hypertension were well controlled after using
this device, and their wounds were markedly healed (30-100%). The
patients either reduced their medication or completely stopped after the
course of treatment. No side effects were reported. The mechanism of
action was discussed.




INFO ON WAVEFORMS (muscle stimulation):

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3261222
Effects of waveform on comfort during neuromuscular electrical
stimulation.

Electrical stimulation is a commonly used clinical tool, but subject and
patient comfort is still a major problem retarding its widespread
application. Stimulus waveform in combination with pulse duration can
play a major part in subject comfort. An asymmetric balanced biphasic
square waveform was perceived as comfortable and was clinically
effective in stimulating wrist flexor and extensor muscles. Subjects
preferred the square waveforms over a paired spike monophasic waveform.
In the larger quadriceps muscle group, a symmetric biphasic square wave
was perceived as more comfortable than either a monophasic paired spike
or any of three medium frequency waveforms. There seemed to be, however,
a small subpopulation of subjects who consistently preferred the medium
frequency waveforms. Medium frequency stimulation should be tried for
those patients who have considerable difficulty adapting to the sensory
input inherent with the use of surface electrical stimulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3873884
Effects of waveform parameters on comfort during transcutaneous
neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

Twenty-three females between the ages of 19 and 35 were studied in order
to compare the effects of variations in pulse duration, waveform
symmetry, and source regulation on comfort during quadriceps surface
stimulation at amplitudes necessary to produce 27 Nm torque. Stimulation
parameters compared were: 1) 50 and 300 microseconds pulse durations, 2)
asymmetrical and symmetrical biphasic waveforms, and 3) current and
voltage source regulation. Subjects overwhelmingly preferred the 300
microseconds pulse duration regardless of waveform or source regulation,
strongly preferred the symmetrical biphasic waveform, and had
inconsistent preference for either regulated voltage or regulated
current sources.


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