Re: CS>BS or Fact ? CS web page
From: Marshall Dudley
Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2004 09:19:40
http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/m76620.html
> Pure BS. If you look at the effectiveness curve of silver
> particles, they peak at 10 or so ppm, then drop dramatically up to
> 200 or so ppm because you don't get more particles, but bigger
> particles which have less mobility and permeability. Once you get
> into the hundreds of ppm of silver (which requires stabilizers
> such as a gelatin like protein, or making into a soluble silver
> compound such as silver citrate), then the effectiveness does
> appear to increase due to the sheer amount of silver in the
> concoction.
> I would say this stuff would likely be a good way to get argyria,
> yet have an effectiveness no better than 5 or 10 ppm EIS.
> Marshall
Marshall,
I agree with you on the argyria, and was hoping the results of your
milk test would give you additional insight in the production of cs.
It doesn't make any difference how large or how small the particles
are. They are various forms of silver oxide and are inert. They have
little or no biological activity.
The oxides are formed when silver ions combine with hydroxyl ions in
the Nernst Diffusion layer next to each electrode. Here are the
basic equations:
Silver Electrolysis
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
At the anode, a silver atom gives up an electron to become an ion.
Ag(s) - e --> Ag(+)
At the cathode, water dissociates and hydrogen ions accept electrons
to form hydrogen gas:
H2O --> H(+) + OH(-)
2H(+) + 2e --> H2(g)
So for every silver ion, one hydroxyl ion is produced.
Ion Diffusion
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The ions diffuse throughout the solution, mainly by convection
currents. I posted two experiments earlier that show how to make
these ions visible:
CS> Making Ions Visible
http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/m61491.html
Re: CS> Making Ions Visible
http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/m61527.html
The significance of these experiments is that the two ion clouds
passed through each other without combining to form oxides.
The reason is the ions have to be very close to each other and
headed almost directly towards each other before they will combine.
This requires a very high density of ions to give a reasonable
chance to combine, which only occurs in the Nernst Diffusion layer
close to each electrode.
Oxide Formation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When the ion concentration of both species is high enough, the
silver ions combine with the hydroxyl ions to form silver oxides.
There are at least two paths:
Path #1:
One silver ion combines with one hydroxyl ion to form silver
hydroxide:
Ag(+) + OH(-) --> AgOH (silver hydroxide)
The silver hydroxide dissociates to form silver oxide particles:
2AgOH --> Ag2O + H2O (silver oxide)
Path #2:
Two silver ions combine with two hydroxyl ions to form silver oxide:
2Ag(+) + 2OH(-) --> Ag2O + H2O
Conclusions
~~~~~~~~~~~
The Nernst Diffusion layer is essential to understanding the limits
of cs production, and this single concept explains many of the
factors involved in making high quality cs.
It shows why high current density at the electrodes produces lower
ppm and higher oxide content. The ions are more concentrated in the
Nernst Diffusion layer, which increases the probability the silver
and hydroxyl ions will combine. Reducing the current density allows
higher ppm before the solution starts turning yellow.
It also shows why reversing electrode polarity and using AC instead
of DC produces low ppm cs with a great deal of oxide. When the
polarity reverses, the Nernst Diffusion layer already has a high
concentration of the opposite ion species, so oxide formation begins
immediately.
It shows why electrodes with sharp edges, such as the original 3
nines, tend to limit at around 10 to 12 ppm. The current density is
higher at the sharp edges, so the Nernst Diffusion layer has a
higher concentration of ions and forms oxides much sooner than
electrodes with rounded edges, like the U-shaped electrodes in the
Silverpuppy.
It shows why voltage-source cs generators, such as the 3 nines, are
limited to 10 to 12 ppm. Since the current is not controlled, the
rapid rise at the end of the brew produces high current density,
which increases the ion concentration in the Nernst Diffusion layer,
which causes the oxides to form.
It also shows why ionic cs is usually limited to around 22 ppm, even
with well-designed generators. Once this concentration is reached,
any further release of ions merely combine to form oxides.
The MSP and other products with high particle content are basically
silver oxide. Since the recommended dosage is so high, it is an
admission by the manufacturer that the product is inert compared to
ionic cs. An example is some samples were found with bacteria
growing in the gelatin, which shows the product is inactive.
The milk test also shows the silver oxides are inert and have no
biological activity. Any improvement in the length of time it takes
for milk to go bad is due to the small ionic portion which
accompanies the production of oxides.
There is no question that the effectiveness of ionic cs increases
with ppm. Since the ions are responsible for the biological
activity, a higher concentration of ions means more bacteria,
viruses and fungi are killed faster.
This is important as we grow older and our immune system starts to
degrade. It is also important to people with compromised immune
systems, such as AIDS patients, or persons undergoing cancer
therapy. In these cases, high ionic cs is very desirable.
Any improvement in ion concentration will require much closer
control over what happens in the Nernst Diffusion layer. I believe I
have developed a way to do so, and can produce ionic silver with a
concentration well above 50ppm. I will post the results soon.
Mike Monett
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