Voltage controls ion velocity.
A higher voltage runs through the water easier at a higher current.
Current controls ion discharge rate.
If voltage stays constant, current increases something like exponentially
as more and more ions are released, making the water more and more
conductive, pulling more and more current according to the ever increasing
rate of ion discharge. [Runaway]
At first, in very pure water, the current rise rate is very slow for
quite a while. A plot of the current rise looks almost like a flat line
which gradually goes higher up the chart till suddenly it appears to rise
very fast to nearly vertical.
Where you start on the flat area makes a huge difference to where you stop
on the vertical going area if a clock is all you have.
Heating the water increases the initial conductivity of the water putting
you further along the current rise plot at the start.
"Any" difference at the beginning makes a big difference at the end if only
time is used to determine when to stop.
Putting an ammeter in series with the electrodes allows you to monitor
where on the current curve you are as current is directly related to
conductivity so long as the electrodes are always placed the same way and
the voltage stays constant.
Constantly checking with a conductivity or TDS meter will do the same thing.
If you stabilize current to a set value by decreasing voltage ...or
increasing distance between the electrodes...as you go to prevent it from
rising, then the ion discharge rate stays constant and a clock can be used
accurately...but there is still a variable 'ramp up' time till the
generator is pulling it's set current and even that flattish part of the
curve can vary by hours with only a slight difference in the water. ["Run
up to"?]
If you use a voltage comparator chip in the circuit, you can make the
generator stop itself wherever you set the reference voltage of your
choice... aka "Auto off"...making watching a clock and ammeter unnecessary
to reach a given desired conductivity.
This is how the 777, the Silvergen , Boiphysica, Colloidaltech [a new
comer] and the Silverpuppy/Silverwell works.
A CS Pro machine and the standard 3 nines types are constant voltage
generators.
The CS Pro instructions to make the baking soda buffering solution is all
about starting at the same spot so a timer will work within a decade of
accuracy...but it's still like judging the velocity of a bullet with a
golf cart speedometer towards the end and making silver carbonate isn't
exactly what we want to do.
Add in a few degrees of temperature difference at the start, in the same
water and it amounts to mega degrees of PPM difference at the end.
A constant voltage generator 'can' make nice CS and do it quite fast up
to a point, but you have to watch it very closely, preferably with some
instruments [and a clock ain't one of them], or one batch being anything
like the next batch is pure luck.
The saving grace in all this is that pure luck does OK with dosing
intuition based on taste buds and faces made in a mirror.
Taste buds will give you a PPM gauge range amounting to 'weak', 'strong'
and 'rocket fuel' . The dosing difference is in the size and
frequency of glugs accordingly and the cost of each glug is less than a
penny.
"Color" has almost nothing to do with PPM.
Ode
At 10:57 AM 12/21/2005 -0600, you wrote:
Morning Terry,
Thanks for the details.
>>At 08:16 AM 12/21/2005, you wrote:
Later, I discovered that during the summer, when the
room is warmer, I can only brew it 50-55 minutes and
still end up with clear CS. During the winter, when
the room is cooler, I usually brew it 70-75 minutes. I
estimate the ppm to be 15-20 ppm, which is all the
strength you need (actually, it's probably overkill,
I'm sure 10 ppm is just fine).
Likely many people overlook the temperature factor.
I notice some water variation that changes things a little.
I use near the same time factor that you use for one gallon batches.
I thought you were using 100 VDC with a system that you built.
Even though I have used 70 VDC I now use 52 VDC.
Instinct, observation, and attention takes the place of many of the
technical factors mentioned on this list.
When a new person starts making CS, often they do not understand the
principles which means they never will become good at it.
They fail to study enough and exert the effort required to start
learning, just like new computer users.
One of my computer customers called and asked a simple question. I told
him he should have learned that the first week he had a computer. Many
of these simple facts about CS is likewise true.
They should have learned the basics the first week they started making CS.
Wayne
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