As I understand it. the EDSAC (the first or second, depending on how you counted, stored-program machine in production service) had an assembler/bootstrap (modern terminology, or course) program wired into a bank of uniselectors as the 'initial orders'. This allowed for single-character instruction mnemonics and decimal storage addresses. 'A' for 'add' seems clear enough to me, but 'V' for multiply-and-add is less so. So, we apparently had assemblers from more-or-less the very beginning.

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