kalo gak ilang karena alam, ilang direbut negara tetangga
On 12/4/07, Lulu Olivia <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Fren,
> Liat Main topic Yahoo kemarin gak ??
> hehehhe... belum tentu kita hidup sp 2050 ..2080.. jg yach.. tp ????
> So..
> Climate change may wipe some Indonesian islands off map
> JAKARTA (Reuters) - Many of Indonesia's islands may be swallowed up by the
> sea if world leaders fail to find a way to halt rising sea levels at this
> week's climate change conference on the resort island of Bali.
>
> Doomsters take this dire warning by Indonesian scientists a step further and
> predict that by 2035, the Indonesian capital's airport will be flooded by
> sea water and rendered useless; and by 2080, the tide will be lapping at the
> steps of Jakarta's imposing Dutch-era Presidential palace which sits 10 km
> inland (about 6 miles).
>
> The Bali conference is aimed at finding a successor to the Kyoto Protocol,
> which expires in 2012, on cutting climate warming carbon emissions. With
> over 17,000 islands, many at risk of being washed away, Indonesians are
> anxious to see an agreement reached and quickly implemented that will keep
> rising seas at bay.
>
> Just last week, tides burst through sea walls, cutting a key road to
> Jakarta's international airport until officials were able to reinforce
> coastal barricades.
>
> "Island states are very vulnerable to sea level rise and very vulnerable to
> storms. Indonesia ... is particularly vulnerable," Nicholas Stern, author of
> an acclaimed report on climate change, said on a visit to Jakarta earlier
> this year.
>
> Even large islands are at risk as global warming might shrink their land
> mass, forcing coastal communities out of their homes and depriving millions
> of a livelihood.
>
> The island worst hit would be Java, which accounts for more than half of
> Indonesia's 226 million people. Here rising sea levels would swamp three of
> the island's biggest cities near the coast -- Jakarta, Surabaya and Semarang
> -- destroying industrial plants and infrastructure.
>
> "Tens of millions of people would have to move out of their homes. There is
> no way this will happen without conflict," Environment Minister Rachmat
> Witoelar said recently.
>
> "The cost would be very high. Imagine, it's not just about building better
> infrastructure, but we'd have to relocate people and change the way people
> live," added Witoelar, who has said that Indonesia could lose 2,000 of its
> islands by 2030 if sea levels continue to rise.
>
> CRUNCH TIME AT BALI
>
> Environmentalists say this week's climate change meeting in Bali will be
> crunch time for threatened coastlines and islands as delegates from nearly
> 190 countries meet to hammer out a new treaty on global warming.
>
> Several small island nations including Singapore, Fiji, Kiribati, Tuvalu and
> Caribbean countries have raised the alarm over rising sea levels which could
> wipe them off the map.
>
> The Maldives, a cluster of 1,200 islands renowned for its luxury resorts,
> has asked the international community to address climate change so it does
> not sink into a watery grave.
>
> According to a U.N. climate report, temperatures are likely to rise by
> between 1.1 and 6.4 degrees Celsius (2.0 and 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit) and
> sea levels by between 18 cm and 59 cm (seven and 23 inches) this century.
>
> Under current greenhouse gas emission levels, Indonesia could lose about
> 400,000 sq km of land mass by 2080, including about 10 percent of Papua, and
> 5 percent of both Java and Sumatra on the northern coastlines, Armi Susandi,
> a meteorologist at the Bandung Institute of Technology, told Reuters.
>
> Indonesia, the world's fourth-most populous country, has faced intense
> pressure over agricultural land for decades.
>
> Susandi, who has researched the impact of climate change on Indonesia,
> estimated sea levels would rise by an average of 0.5 cm a year until 2080,
> while the submersion rate in Jakarta, which lies just above sea level, would
> be higher at 0.87 cm a year.
>
> A study by the UK-based International Institute for Economy and Development
> (IIED) said at least 8 out of 92 of the outermost small islands that make up
> the country's borders are vulnerable.
>
> TOO MANY ISLANDS TO COUNT
>
> Less than half of Indonesia's islands are inhabited and many are not even
> named. Now, the authorities are hastily counting the coral-fringed islands
> that span a distance of 5,000 km, the equivalent of going from Ireland to
> Iran, before it is too late.
>
> Disappearing islands and coastlines would not only change the Indonesian
> map, but could also restrict access to mineral resources situated in the
> most vulnerable spots, Susandi said.
>
> He estimates that land loss alone would cost Indonesia 5 percent of its GDP
> without taking into account the loss of property and livelihood as millions
> migrate from low-lying coastlines to cities and towns on higher ground.
>
> There are 42 million people in Indonesia living in areas less than 10 meters
> above the average sea level, who could be acutely affected by rising sea
> levels, the IIED study showed.
>
> A separate study by the United Nations Environment Programme in 1992 showed
> in two districts in Java alone, rising waters could deprive more than 81,000
> farmers of their rice fields or prawn and fish ponds, while 43,000 farm
> laborers would lose their job.
>
> One solution is to cover Indonesia's fragile beaches with mangroves, the
> first line of defense against sea level rise, which can break big waves and
> hold back soil and silt that damage coral reefs.
>
> A more expensive alternative is to erect multiple concrete walls on the
> coastlines, as the United States has done to break the tropical storms that
> hit its coast, Susandi said.
>
> Some areas, including the northern shores of Jakarta, are already fitted
> with concrete sea barriers, but they are often damaged or too low to block
> rising waters and big waves such as the ones that hit Jakarta in November.
>
> "It will be like permanent flooding," Susandi said. "By 2050, about 24
> percent of Jakarta will disappear," possibly even forcing the capital to
> move to Bandung, a hill city 180 km east of Jakarta.
>
> (Editing by Megan Goldin)
>
--
Kurniawan I
Kanwil DJP Kaltim
www.kurniawan.co.nr
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