What we need to save lives in South Sudan

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By Arjan Hehenkamp

January 29, 2014 - When I left South Sudan ten years ago, having worked
here for four, I left feeling hopeful. A ceasefire had been signed and a
peace-agreement was under discussion. A few years later South Sudan became
an independent country, a master of its destiny.

I was not so naïve to expect that this would come without difficult
moments, but the scale, speed and impact of the violence which erupted in
December has shocked me. It was too much to hear about through South
Sudanese friends from afar, and so I came back to South Sudan, ten days
ago, now as General Director of Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without
Borders (MSF), to help oversee our emergency operations.
In the past ten days I have heard harrowing stories of violence on my
visits to MSF's operations. In Nimule, a young boy called Deng approached
me asking for help after losing his entire family in Bor. I have witnessed
the impact of hundreds of thousands of people being forced from their
homes, making long journeys with little food, water, access to shelter or
medical care. At our clinic in Lankien, I met Marion, who had fled violence
in Bor whilst heavily pregnant, making a long arduous journey to our clinic
just in time to give birth to a healthy baby girl. And I have seen people
enclosed in camps by their own fear, living under impossible conditions and
scared to venture outside and uncertain of the future.

I have seen MSF's hospitals and clinics overwhelmed - in Lankien, Jonglei
State, our patient numbers have quadrupled and the local population has
tripled in size due to the influx of the displaced. And sadly I have seen
MSF's life-saving medical services stop running when they are needed most,
due to violence, looting, and destruction.

Ordinary South Sudan citizens have been extraordinarily affected by the
violent events of the past weeks. The destruction of hospitals and markets,
as well as the increased pressure on host communities due to mass
displacement, brings me to this conclusion: South Sudan will face a
humanitarian emergency for the months to come, and its people will need all
the help they can get.

MSF has been working in the area that is now South Sudan for more than 30
years. Our emergency teams are already deployed in Juba, Awerial, Lankien,
Nasir, and Nimule, while teams have just returned to Malakal and Bentiu on
Monday. Teams are preparing to go to Bor. Our priorities will be set by the
needs of the people, but I am sure we will have to maintain a wide range of
activities from medical, to nutrition, to water and sanitation as well as
surgery.

For MSF to save lives, three conditions are critical. First, MSF needs to
be able to treat everyone who is in acute need, irrespective of who is in
control - the government or the opposition. Second, and closely associated
to this, MSF needs to be in dialogue with all parties to the conflict -
being fully transparent on all our activities and intentions - to retain
trusting and open relationships in which common solutions and problems can
be addressed. And, finally and most importantly, we need the commitment of
all parties to the conflict, from the top commander to the common soldier,
of their absolute resolve to respect, rather than attack, patients, health
facilities and the MSF teams.

Having met government officials in Juba and Nimule, and local authorities
in opposition-controlled areas, I am impressed with their dedication to
support our work. I am mindful, however, that the realities on the ground
can be more difficult to influence - which my MSF teams have painfully
experienced in Malakal, Bentiu and elsewhere. So the next steps are clear:
MSF will, in contact with all relevant authorities, bring in the necessary
teams and resources to face this emergency, using our own logistical
capacity to ensure our independence. In return, we will continue to insist
that these same authorities honour their own commitment to support our
work. So that, in the end, a maximum effort can be made to address the
needs of Marion, Deng as well as the other hundreds of thousands who
deserve our solidarity and support.

Arjan Hehenkamp is the General Director of Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors
Without Borders (MSF). He can be reached on twitter:
@Arjan_Hehenkamp<https://twitter.com/Arjan_Hehenkamp>

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