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July 6, 2015
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Standpipe Calculations for Separated Occupancies
"We have a 23-story high-rise condominium attached to a 7-story parking garage
that
is separated by a 2-hour firewall. The condominium is protected throughout with
sprinklers and the parking garage is not protected. The high-rise standpipes
are
automatic wet and the parking garage is automatic dry. The IBC, 2012 edition in
Table 707.3.10 indicates that a 2-hour separation is acceptable to consider the
two occupancies as two separate fire areas. Can the standpipes in the
high-rise
and the parking garage be calculated separately?"
We have reviewed NFPA 14, 2013 edition as the applicable standard as well as the
2012 edition of the IBC. Our informal interpretation is that calculations are
completed separately since the standpipes are in two separate fire areas.
NFPA 14 in Section 7.10.1.1 for flow rates of Class I and Class III systems has
annex material as A.7.10.1.1 that states, "If a water supply system supplies
more
than one building or more than one fire area, the total supply can be calculated
based on the single building or fire area requiring the greatest number of
standpipes."
The building codes will determine whether the application is a separate
building
or fire area. This is determined by distance or by a fire rated separation.
Regarding
fire area, NFPA 14 references this as an area of a floor in annex A.7.1. The
IBC
actually defines a fire area as, "The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded
by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizontal assemblies of a
building.
Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in
the fire area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the
roof or floor next above." As such, NFPA 14 is straightforward that the
condominium
has a separate calculation from the parking garage. They are separated
occupancies
per Section 508.4 of the IBC so the calculation is based on the individual fire
area with the largest number of standpipes. The number of standpipes from the
two
fire areas are not combined.
This case was easy because you have two structures within a single building with
the garage and the condominium being adjacent but connected. This same
allowance
applies when it is a single structure (the entire area is within the same
exterior
walls) but all floors are divided into two or more fire areas. If each fire
area
had a single stairwell (assuming the floor is adequately covered by the
standpipes
in the stairwells), then the calculation would be for a single stairwell.
Personally
we do not like this approach since we do not place as much confidence in passive
construction but that is what NFPA 14 allows. This issue has been flagged for
the committee to address for the next cycle.
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Call for Trainers
AFSA continues to grow and evolve in response to the needs of our members. As
training
development continues, we call out to those in our membership 'family'
(contractors,
manufacturers, designers, etc.) who can serve as trainers: either as instructors
or as content developers.
If you, or someone you know, are well versed in any (or all) of the following
areas:
installation, layout, or inspection/testing/maintenance of fire sprinkler
systems,
and want to teach or develop courses, let us hear from you!
Please visit firesprinkler.org/trainers
[http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001ZE-S9s9gzMoaSfjYz8hTqT7qmcy1nzoViAmU6dMpefMvD2DlwtIRnQnhsAAs5aK328_PcIWLD1nzN8M94hEU6DG5UEZLmOWvKTkjxh66c3Rmk3E7doUXUFrwqhstcKuwlztLwAyBdiKeFA2yxsshxI3xaIPAGx_ND9otC3GYZ7K-R-LTCQEcfHwj2PlFhvfN&c=V4K6jCVN0qI-VqCq_H1V6C16rL5dMjUYZFDsh7rZ9dr4pk0lipZ-Pw==&ch=soqnbAAo_QmBGvqxkHQS9aVkAkk8yIgcF2VnwUGUxybueZkmMAd_7A==]
for more details.
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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