Another update on this issue. It seems that the issue stems from having a
declared_attr for the __tablename__. If I remove that and make it a static
class attribute, things work as expected.
On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 1:36 PM, Tucker Beck <tucker.b...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Mike (or whoever else might have insight):
>
> I used the pattern above, and it worked great until I tried use it for a
> really large table that I was querying and filtering by the hybrid
> property. Something like this:
> query(HybridModel).filter_by(hybrid_type_name='alpha')
>
> The resulting query does a seq-scan applying a sub-select to get the
> hybrid_type_name and then comparing it to the filter value ('alpha' in the
> example). Obviously, this is sub-optimal, and I want the query to do an
> index-scan comparing the hybrid_type_id matching the filter_value to the
> hybrid_type_id of each row. The table has an index on hybrid_type_id, so
> that query is orders of magnitude faster. Before using this revised pattern
> we discussed, I got the query I wanted by adding a comparator to my class
> that basically inverts the select used by the hybrid property expression.
> That worked great before using this pattern.
>
> However, with the new pattern, the delcared_attr __mapper_args__ attempts
> to use the expression from the comaprator for polymorphic_on, and that
> query results in an integer (primary key) which won't work because we
> defined our polymorphic identities using the name
>
> Do you have any ideas on how I might resolve this issue?
>
> On Sat, Dec 3, 2016 at 4:25 PM, mike bayer <mike...@zzzcomputing.com>
> wrote:
>
>>
>>
>> On 12/01/2016 05:29 PM, Tucker Beck wrote:
>>
>>> This is what I ended up with, and it *seems* to work pretty well. Does
>>> my approach here pass the sniff test?
>>>
>>
>> everything looks idiomatic, so if it does what you need, then it's greatg!
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>> from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
>>> from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base, declared_attr
>>> from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship, column_property
>>> from sqlalchemy import (
>>> Column, Integer, ForeignKey, Text,
>>> select, create_engine,
>>> )
>>>
>>> Base = declarative_base()
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridType(Base):
>>> __tablename__ = 'hybrid_types'
>>> id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
>>> name = Column(Text)
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridModel(Base):
>>> __tablename__ = 'hybrids'
>>> hybrid_type_identity = 'base'
>>>
>>> id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
>>> name = Column(Text)
>>> hybrid_type_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('hybrid_types.id
>>> <http://hybrid_types.id>'))
>>> hybrid_type = relationship('HybridType')
>>>
>>> @declared_attr
>>> def __mapper_args__(cls):
>>> return dict(
>>> polymorphic_on=cls.hybrid_type_name,
>>> polymorphic_identity=cls.hybrid_type_identity,
>>> )
>>>
>>> def __repr__(self):
>>> return "{} ({}:{})".format(type(self).__name__, self.name
>>> <http://self.name>, self.id <http://self.id>)
>>>
>>> def __init__(self, **kwargs):
>>> self.hybrid_type_name = self.hybrid_type_identity
>>> super(HybridModel, self).__init__(**kwargs)
>>>
>>> @hybrid_property
>>> def hybrid_type_name(self):
>>> return self.hybrid_type.name <http://self.hybrid_type.name>
>>>
>>> @hybrid_type_name.expression
>>> def hybrid_type_name(cls):
>>> return (
>>> select([HybridType.name]).
>>> where(HybridType.id == cls.hybrid_type_id).
>>> as_scalar()
>>> )
>>>
>>> @hybrid_type_name.setter
>>> def hybrid_type_name(self, value):
>>> self.hybrid_type_id = (
>>> select([HybridType.id]).
>>> where(HybridType.name == value)
>>> )
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridAlpha(HybridModel):
>>> hybrid_type_identity = 'alpha'
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridBeta(HybridModel):
>>> hybrid_type_identity = 'beta'
>>>
>>>
>>> engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False)
>>> Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
>>> Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
>>> session = Session()
>>> session.add(HybridType(name='base'))
>>> session.add(HybridType(name='alpha'))
>>> session.add(HybridType(name='beta'))
>>> session.add(HybridModel(name='base_instance'))
>>> session.add(HybridAlpha(name='alpha_instance'))
>>> session.add(HybridBeta(name='beta_instance'))
>>> print(session.query(HybridModel).all())
>>> print(session.query(HybridAlpha).all())
>>> print(session.query(HybridAlpha).one().hybrid_type_name)
>>> session.query(HybridAlpha).one().hybrid_type_name = 'beta'
>>> print(session.query(HybridBeta).all())
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, Nov 30, 2016 at 7:20 AM, mike bayer <mike...@zzzcomputing.com
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com>> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/29/2016 07:31 PM, Tucker Beck wrote:
>>>
>>> Thanks for this! What allows the query to filter in the derived
>>> classes
>>> when using a column property instead of a hybrid property? Is it
>>> declaring the __mapper_args__ in the base class declaration
>>> instead of
>>> after it?
>>>
>>>
>>> Yea I don't think setting __mapper_args__ after the fact on the
>>> class does anything. Those __mapper_args__ are only for the
>>> mapper() constructor directly, which gets called when the class is
>>> declared.
>>>
>>> you can set the actual polymorphic_on property right now only using
>>> the special class.__mapper__._set_polymorphic_on(<something>),
>>> that's one of a very few setters that's available on the mapper
>>> after the fact and even then it's not fully public API right now.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Also, it seems like having the hybrid_type_prop column property
>>> obviates
>>> the need for the hybrid property hybrid_type_name...that is,
>>> except for
>>> the setter. Is there a way to give a column_property a setter?
>>>
>>>
>>> a column_property against a SQL expression is strictly a read-only
>>> thing, since "writing" to it makes no sense in terms of persistence.
>>>
>>>
>>> the column_property aspect here isn't strictly necessary, the mapper
>>> will create the property internally as a special case for the
>>> polymorphic_on setting if not provided. the example can be
>>> re-organized w/ your hybrid in at least two ways:
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridModel(Base):
>>> # ...
>>>
>>> @declared_attr
>>> def __mapper_args__(cls):
>>> return {
>>> "polymorphic_on": cls.hybrid_type_name
>>> }
>>>
>>>
>>> or
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridModel(Base):
>>> # ...
>>>
>>> _hybrid_name_expr = (
>>> select([HybridType.name]).
>>> where(HybridType.id == hybrid_type_id).
>>> as_scalar()
>>> )
>>>
>>> __mapper_args__ = {
>>> "polymorphic_on": _hybrid_name_expr
>>> }
>>>
>>> # ...
>>>
>>> @hybrid_type_name.expression
>>> def hybrid_type_name(cls):
>>> return cls._hybrid_name_expr
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Tue, Nov 29, 2016 at 2:59 PM, mike bayer
>>> <mike...@zzzcomputing.com <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com>
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/29/2016 05:01 PM, Tucker Beck wrote:
>>>
>>> The issue with using the foreign_key integer value as the
>>> discriminator
>>> is that you won't know what that is at class declaration
>>> time. The
>>> type_name, however, you can declare as a part of the
>>> class as
>>> you would
>>> with a normal string discriminator. I'm not sure how you
>>> would do a
>>> correlated subquery for the polymorphic_on attribute. I
>>> modified the
>>> query object so that I could filter results for the
>>> derived
>>> classes. It
>>> doesn't seem like that happens automatically. Maybe I'm
>>> just not
>>> doing
>>> it right.
>>>
>>>
>>> The correlated subquery will not scale as well as a direct
>>> identifier, but here is an adaption of your test using
>>> column_property(), and you should be able to set
>>> polymorphic_on to
>>> the select() object directly too. There's another example
>>> of this
>>> at
>>>
>>> http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/mapping_api.html?hi
>>> ghlight=polymorphic_on#sqlalchemy.orm.mapper.params.polymorphic_on
>>> <http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/mapping_api.html?h
>>> ighlight=polymorphic_on#sqlalchemy.orm.mapper.params.polymorphic_on>
>>>
>>> <http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/mapping_api.html?h
>>> ighlight=polymorphic_on#sqlalchemy.orm.mapper.params.polymorphic_on
>>> <http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/mapping_api.html?h
>>> ighlight=polymorphic_on#sqlalchemy.orm.mapper.params.polymorphic_on>>.
>>>
>>> For the "use the id" approach, you would need to query from
>>> HybridType up front and populate the polymorphic_identity
>>> attributes
>>> after the fact, this is a feature that is not directly
>>> supported yet
>>> but there is a recipe to do so at
>>>
>>> https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/issues/2792/settable
>>> -polymorphic-identity
>>> <https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/issues/2792/settabl
>>> e-polymorphic-identity>
>>>
>>> <https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/issues/2792/settabl
>>> e-polymorphic-identity
>>> <https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/issues/2792/settabl
>>> e-polymorphic-identity>>.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
>>> from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
>>> from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship,
>>> column_property
>>> from sqlalchemy import (
>>> Column, Integer, ForeignKey, Text,
>>> select, create_engine,
>>> )
>>>
>>> Base = declarative_base()
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridType(Base):
>>> __tablename__ = 'hybrid_types'
>>> id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
>>> name = Column(Text)
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridModel(Base):
>>> __tablename__ = 'hybrids'
>>>
>>> id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
>>> name = Column(Text)
>>> hybrid_type_id = Column(Integer,
>>> ForeignKey('hybrid_types.id <http://hybrid_types.id>
>>> <http://hybrid_types.id>'))
>>> hybrid_type = relationship('HybridType')
>>>
>>> hybrid_type_prop = column_property(
>>> select([HybridType.name]).
>>> where(HybridType.id == hybrid_type_id).
>>> as_scalar()
>>> )
>>>
>>> __mapper_args__ = {
>>> "polymorphic_on": hybrid_type_prop
>>> }
>>>
>>> def __repr__(self):
>>> return "{} ({}:{})".format(type(self).__name__,
>>> self.name <http://self.name>
>>> <http://self.name>, self.id <http://self.id> <http://self.id
>>> >)
>>>
>>> def __init__(self, **kwargs):
>>> self.hybrid_type_name =
>>> type(self).__mapper_args__['polymorphic_identity']
>>> super(HybridModel, self).__init__(**kwargs)
>>>
>>> @hybrid_property
>>> def hybrid_type_name(self):
>>> return self.hybrid_type.name
>>> <http://self.hybrid_type.name> <http://self.hybrid_type.name>
>>>
>>> @hybrid_type_name.setter
>>> def hybrid_type_name(self, value):
>>> self.hybrid_type_id = (
>>> select([HybridType.id]).
>>> where(HybridType.name == value)
>>> )
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridAlpha(HybridModel):
>>> __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'alpha'}
>>>
>>>
>>> class HybridBeta(HybridModel):
>>> __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'beta'}
>>>
>>>
>>> engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True)
>>> Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
>>> Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
>>> session = Session()
>>> session.add(HybridType(name='alpha'))
>>> session.add(HybridType(name='beta'))
>>> session.add(HybridAlpha(name='alpha_instance'))
>>> session.add(HybridBeta(name='beta_instance'))
>>> print(session.query(HybridAlpha).all())
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Tue, Nov 29, 2016 at 7:16 AM, mike bayer
>>> <mike...@zzzcomputing.com
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com>
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com <mailto:mike_mp@zzzcomputing.c
>>> om>>
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com>
>>>
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com
>>> <mailto:mike...@zzzcomputing.com>>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/28/2016 05:58 PM, Tucker Beck wrote:
>>>
>>> Hello, I'm writing today about an interesting
>>> problem we ran
>>> into with
>>> our sqlalchemy based data store api.
>>>
>>> Our schema is based on the star-schema idea
>>> where we have a
>>> large 'fact
>>> table' with lots of rows. Within that table,
>>> each row has a
>>> foreign key
>>> to a small 'dimension table' in which each row
>>> has a unique
>>> name. Thus,
>>> the type of each row can be defined by the
>>> relationship
>>> between
>>> the fact
>>> row and the dimension row.
>>>
>>> We wanted to be able to use SQLAlchemy to add
>>> some custom
>>> functionality
>>> for the different types of rows we have in our
>>> 'fact
>>> table'. After
>>> learning about SQLAlchemy's inheritance models, I
>>> decided to see
>>> if we
>>> could support the schema that we had already
>>> devised for our
>>> project.
>>> The single-inheritance pattern seemed to fit the
>>> best, but I
>>> couldn't
>>> find a single case where someone was using a
>>> star-schema and
>>> needed the
>>> type discriminator to be derived from the
>>> foreign key to the
>>> dimension
>>> table.
>>>
>>> Further, I found as I was digging into the
>>> mechanics of the
>>> thing that
>>> you could not create a row in the fact table
>>> that was
>>> typed by the
>>> derived class at creation time. And, you cannot
>>> limit
>>> queries
>>> from the
>>> fact table by creating the queries against the
>>> derived
>>> classes.
>>> Suppose
>>> that (using declarative base) I have the fact
>>> table
>>> represented by a
>>> model called HybridModel. This model has two
>>> derived classes
>>> HybridAlpha
>>> and HybridBeta. I would like to be able to
>>> create a new
>>> row in
>>> the table
>>> wrapped by HybridModel by calling something like
>>> HybridAlpha(**kwargs)
>>> and have the type of the new row reflect the
>>> inheritance
>>> model I've
>>> described above. Next I wanted to be able to
>>> formulate a
>>> query
>>> against
>>> one of the derived models and have it limited by
>>> the
>>> type associated
>>> with the derived class. So, calling something
>>> like
>>> `session.query(HybridAlpha).all()` would only
>>> return
>>> rows with a
>>> type
>>> associated with the HybridAlpha model.
>>>
>>> After a lot of tinkering and experimentation,
>>> I've come
>>> up with the
>>> following solution:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f8075
>>> c75b3c89
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89>
>>>
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89>>
>>>
>>>
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89>
>>>
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89
>>> <https://gist.github.com/dusktreader/2658dedb8ca8e2fd941f807
>>> 5c75b3c89>>>
>>>
>>> I would appreciate any thoughts and feedback on
>>> the
>>> matter. I'm
>>> not sure
>>> that my approach to this solution has been
>>> sound, and I
>>> would
>>> appreciate
>>> feedback.
>>>
>>>
>>> I'd try to do things much more simply than this.
>>> Most
>>> simply, just
>>> assign polymorphic_identity to be the integer
>>> foreign key value.
>>> Otherwise, you should be able to do polymorphic_on
>>> on a
>>> correlated
>>> subquery, which itself you set up as a
>>> column_property().
>>> There
>>> should be no need to modify Query or anything like
>>> that.
>>>
>>>
>>> I'm out of time today but if you need more help I
>>> can try to
>>> work up
>>> an example later on.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanks, and keep up the great work! SQLAlchemy
>>> is just
>>> magic!
>>>
>>> --
>>> SQLAlchemy -
>>> The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational
>>> Mapper
>>>
>>> http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
>>>
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>>> Minimal,
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>>> --
>>> -=Tucker A. Beck=-
>>>
>>> Illustrious Writer
>>> Devious Coder
>>> Last Hope for the Free World
>>> Also, Modest
>>>
>>> --
>>> SQLAlchemy -
>>> The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper
>>>
>>> http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
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>>> To post example code, please provide an MCVE: Minimal,
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>>> -=Tucker A. Beck=-
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>>> --
>>> SQLAlchemy -
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>>> Also, Modest
>>>
>>> --
>>> SQLAlchemy -
>>> The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper
>>>
>>> http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
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>>
>>
>
>
> --
> -=Tucker A. Beck=-
>
> Illustrious Writer
> Devious Coder
> Last Hope for the Free World
> Also, Modest
>
--
-=Tucker A. Beck=-
Illustrious Writer
Devious Coder
Last Hope for the Free World
Also, Modest
--
SQLAlchemy -
The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
To post example code, please provide an MCVE: Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable
Example. See http://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve for a full description.
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