A more complete example:

from sqlalchemy import *
from sqlalchemy.orm import *
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import *

Base = declarative_base()

class Item(Base):
__tablename__ = 'item'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
type = Column(String)

__mapper_args__ = { 
'polymorphic_on': type, 
'with_polymorphic': '*'
}

class Food(Item):
calories = Column(Integer)

__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'food'
}

class Book(Item):
pages = Column(Integer)

__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'book'
}

class Toy(Item):
rating = Column(Integer)

__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'toy'
}

class Basket(Item):
pieces = relationship('BasketPiece', primaryjoin='Basket.id == 
BasketPiece.basket_id',)

__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'basket'
}

class BasketPiece(Base):
__tablename__ = 'basket_piece'

basket_id = Column(None, ForeignKey(Basket.id), primary_key=True)
piece_id = Column(None, ForeignKey(Item.id), primary_key=True)
quantity = Column(Integer)

piece = relationship(Item, foreign_keys=piece_id)

if __name__ == '__main__':
e = create_engine('sqlite:///poly_self_ref.db', echo=True)

Base.metadata.create_all(e)

s = Session(sessionmaker(e))

Piece = aliased(Item)
s.query(Item) \
.outerjoin(BasketPiece, BasketPiece.basket_id == Item.id) \
.outerjoin(Piece, Piece.id == BasketPiece.piece_id) \
.filter(or_(Food.calories > 100, Book.pages < 500, Piece.calories > 100, 
Piece.pages < 500)) \
.all()


-- 
SQLAlchemy - 
The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper

http://www.sqlalchemy.org/

To post example code, please provide an MCVE: Minimal, Complete, and Verifiable 
Example.  See  http://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve for a full description.
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