Thanks for the detail Simon. I’m consistently getting some really big 
differences where user + sys < real. I’ll post another thread on it but it does 
seem to be something windows is doing rather than sqlite.



________________________________
From: sqlite-users <sqlite-users-boun...@mailinglists.sqlite.org> on behalf of 
Simon Slavin <slav...@bigfraud.org>
Sent: Thursday, June 14, 2018 9:08:31 AM
To: SQLite mailing list
Subject: Re: [sqlite] .timer

On 14 Jun 2018, at 8:33am, x <tam118...@hotmail.com> wrote:

> Could someone describe what the return values real, user and sys mean and why 
> there’s sometimes a big difference between real and the sum of user & sys?.

[The following is simplified for clarity.]

'real' -- Elapsed time between the start and end of the command, as measured by 
the clock on your wall.  Sometimes called 'wall time'.

The other two figures both concern just the process you're interested in, 
ignoring the many other things the computer is doing at the same time like 
seeing if you've clicked your mouse, updating your screen, checking to see if 
your laptop battery is going to run out, etc..

'user' -- Processor time taken by the command itself.  If you look at all the 
source code for that command, this is the time taken to run that source code.

'sys' -- Processor time taken to execute the system calls the command used.  If 
the command used system calls to find the current time, allocate memory, and 
write some bytes to a file, the amount of time each system call took 
contributes to 'sys', not 'user'.

If 'sys' + 'user' > 'real', something weird happened.

If 'sys' + 'user' < 'real', your computer is busy doing a lot of stuff in the 
background.  You probably have a printer plugged in, an ethernet or WiFi 
connection active, a keyboard and mouse pointer being monitored, etc..  This is 
normal on a modern computer,

Simon.
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