This is a very good explanation of what happens and should be part of an FAQ. Any one who is fortunate enough to be around the larger scales 1" and larger can observe the water expansion that Kent describes fairly easily as their glasses are larger and they all have relief valves to get more accurate water level readings. Phil.P. Reading,PA. > Thank you to Harry Wade, Clark Lord, and Jeanne Baer for raising the "zippy" > question in the operation of small scale live steam locomotives. Harry > originally wrote that in his experience a '' "low water condition produces > freer steaming thus the locomotive gets "zippier" ". I agree as far as his > observation goes, and I will explain why I think that he is right, but the > question that I was directly answering was "As a fellow post asked, how do > you know when to refill the boiler (Ruby) and by how much". I believe this > question and my subsequent answer are congruent and I stand by it. > (much snipped) > Best regards, > > Kevin > > >