There's a working draft of a new article about building applications with Struts available at < http://www.husted.com/about/struts/ > under Coming Soon. It's no where near complete, but I would be interested in any feedback on the early release. I'm especially interested in whether the design patterns discussed here would work well with the way people are now using EJBs. -- Ted Husted, Husted dot Com, Fairport NY USA. -- Custom Software ~ Technical Services. -- Tel 716 737-3463. -- http://www.husted.com/about/struts/