Hi all. I love the ability of Struts to perform syntactic validation of input data and automatically redisplay the screen + data + error messages. However, I'm reluctant to put semantic validation checks anywhere but the business objects to which they belong. For example, I have a rule that says an organization's effective date cannot be in the future. I consider that part of what it means to be an organization in my domain, therefore logical places to enforce the rule are either the appropriate setter or a preCommit() persistence callback method. However, when using something like BeanUtils to copy values from my value objects to my persistent domain objects, if an exception is thrown in the setter (or even later at commit() time), what's the best way to propagate that back to the user? BeanUtils will throw an exception as soon as the underlying setter throws one, regardless of whether there are further semantic validations (on other properties) to perform. I'd like it to appear to the user the same way as when the Struts validator flags a problem. thanks john gregg Wells Fargo Services Company Minneapolis, MN