Dear Mr Mashallah Ali-Ahyaie, it' true! The azimuth of a body and its time of transit are not affected by refraction, that is they don't change even if the refraction changes or it is not present. On the contrary the same thing is not true if we consider the time and the azimuth of the Sun when it is at a given altitude above (or under) the horizon. At dawn if the refraction is present we see that the Sun reaches a given altitude some time before the instant in which we would see it without refraction, and therefore with an Azimuth greater in absolute value. I attach a simple sketch to explain the phenomenon Best wishes Gianni Ferrari
azimuth alba.pdf
Description: Adobe PDF document
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