Hello MH
Thank you bringing here the Brazilian biofuel project and also the
the developing world experience together here.
One of the the main problem of biofuel ethanol project are the
conflict of food vs fuel; the next is the big scale and small scale
production , the third is environmental problems and the finally
appropriate technology for sustainable developments.
The feed production for cattle has been increased significantly
from 10 cattle(1980) to several thousand cattle's using sugar cane
bagasse as cattle growing using the waste land is yet major economic
activity in Brazil , eventhoug not ecologically unsustainable.The big
macro distillery built even though are not a good model but is
selling the small agricultural farmer the steam treated
(autohydrolysis) and yeast as animal feed making the food .
As well as by crop rotation, the reuse of the vinhasse as the
organic fertilizer , the Brazilian biofuel has ben able to
successfully solve the food versus fuel problems.All the state
government which has supported the bioethanol has more dynamic
economic developments to solve the food problems than the states
that have only food crop production as the globalised complicated
markets leading some times the total collapse of the internal
production of food.
There are well mixed micro , mini and macro distillery has been
build up. Now days small micro distillery are made possible making
use of the byproducts even though it is not economically viable the
Small one compete Thea larger one.
Brazilian biofuel had very good progress as pointed out by
David here to take care of environmental problems , not to burn
the leafs , not degrade wastes and effluent's .Thus with good
learning curve Brasil has sucessfuly adopted the high level as well
as small scale production of bioethanol.
The last , not the least , the appropriate technology development
for environmental benefits has been always taken into account .
Thus Brazilian technology are more Brasilian made than
imported .thus this model is not only the the biggest biomass fuel
programme of the world producing more than 1 billion liter of
alcohol. is really the one of the best model too for other follow .
The new Brasilian Bio D is expected to be very big too
where the poor .landless , small farmer and all are expecting Brasil
help the world the energy crysis by large scale export and
correctly pointed by The Brasilian president Lula de Silva that we ,
Brasilian can make to stop the war in the world by the the Bio D
programme as the country is blessed with the best land and water
needed.
Why export soyabeans for other make Bio D , better Brasilian
do the same , stop the world war .
Surely North America can also do as the south.
Thus Americas future depend on the biofuel , alone are united there
is a great green future for biofuel.
Pease fell free to contact us the brasilian , as we all have the
wise to share our rich exeperiences , not to repeat the several
misatakes already done by our goverment , big industrial people and
the big petroleium companies to put afuul stop to end the
bioethanol programme.But yet it is most alive , but lession learned
are many.
Thanking all
yours truely
sd
Pannir selvam
Brasil.
On 4/17/05, MH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> David Morris is vice president of
> the Minneapolis-based
> Institute for Local Self-Reliance.
>
> THE FUTURE OF ETHANOL
> David Morris
> April 16, 2005
> http://www.startribune.com/stories/1519/5351029.html
>
> Want to see the potential of biofuels?
> Visit Brazil, as I did a few weeks ago.
>
> In Brazil, by law, all gasoline contains a minimum of
> 25 percent alcohol. Yet ethanol is so popular it
> actually accounts for 40 percent of all vehicle fuel.
>
> By 2007, 100 percent of all new Brazilian cars may be able to
> run on 100 percent ethanol. Brazilian sugar-cane-fed biorefineries
> will be capable of producing sufficient ethanol to allow the
> entire fleet, new and old cars alike, to do so.
>
> In Brazil, ethanol is now being used in aviation. Small planes,
> like crop dusters, are switching to ethanol because it is a
> superior fuel and is more widely available, even in remote parts
> of the country, than conventional aviation fuel.
>
> Its stunning success with ethanol has encouraged Brazil to
> begin displacing diesel fuel with vegetable oils from its
> vast soybean crop. Within 15 years it expects to substitute
> biodiesel for 20 percent of its conventional diesel.
>
> One more detail. Back in the mid 1990s, Brazil ended its
> ethanol subsidies. Nevertheless, with world oil prices
> hovering around $55 a barrel, the price of ethanol today
> is only half that of gasoline. Since its inception,
> Brazil's ethanol program has displaced imported oil
> worth $120 billion. This is comparable to a savings of
> almost $2 trillion for a U.S.-sized economy.
>
> Back in Minnesota, our vehicles remain stuck at the
> 10 percent ethanol level first achieved almost a decade ago.
> Yet today, ethanol produced within the state could displace
> 25 percent of gasoline consumed within the state.
> Without increasing crop acreage, Minnesota could become
> self-sufficient in passenger-vehicle fuel and
> significantly displace diesel fuels.
>
> Minnesota arrived at this enviable situation as a result
> of farsighted state policies. In the early 1980s the
> state ethanol incentive mirrored the federal incentive
> -- a partial exemption from the gasoline tax. That
> incentive increased demand, but every drop of ethanol
> was imported into the state.
>
> In the mid 1980s, Minnesota's farmers successfully
> petitioned the Legislature to restructure the state
> incentive to encourage in-state production of ethanol.
>
> The incentive became a direct payment of 20 cents per gallon.
> There were limits: The ethanol had to be produced in Minnesota.
> The incentive was available only for the first 15 million gallons
> produced each year. The incentive lasted only for 10 years per plant.
>
> The restructured incentive has made Minnesota home to 15 small- and
> medium-sized ethanol plants (18 by the end of 2005). The biorefineries'
> relatively small size has enabled a significant proportion of the state's
> full-time grain farmers to become owners. This dramatically boosts the
> local economic benefit of such facilities.
>
> Because of the incentive's time limit, within the next year or two,
> more than half of all state ethanol production will receive no incentive.
> Several new plants are being built without a state incentive.
>
> Brazil has shown us that biofuels can be a primary fuel rather than
> simply a gasoline additive. Here are seven policies Minnesota should
> adopt to imitate Brazil's success.
>
> 1. Immediately request a waiver from the federal government to allow a
> 20 percent ethanol blend in all vehicles. Gov. Tim Pawlenty has
> indicated his desire to do so. The request should come from many
> states, not just one, and the cost of all the required testing should be
> shared by these states. If all 29 states whose governors have joined the
> Governors Ethanol Coalition chipped in, the cost would be a trivial
> $100,000 per state.
>
> 2. Aggressively expand the number of Minnesota gas stations that offer
> ethanol as a primary fuel (E85). Adding $15 million to the state bonding
> bill would enable every gas station in Minnesota to have at least one
> E85 pump.
>
> 3. Require all governments in Minnesota to purchase flexible-fueled
> vehicles. Several dozen popular models are already available and on
> the roads.
>
> 4. Develop a 20 percent renewable transportation fuels mandate that
> mirrors the 20 percent renewable electricity portfolio mandate that
> many states have passed.
>
> 5. Inspire a public discussion about redesigning the federal biofuels
> incentives so that they are tied to the price of oil. If oil rises above a
> certain level (say, $60 per barrel) the incentive would completely
> disappear. If it drops below a certain level (say, $35 per barrel) it
> would be equal to the current incentive.
>
> 6. Focus on converting the state's abundant cellulosic materials into
> energy. Brazilian biorefineries are virtually energy self-sufficient because
> they burn bagasse to power and heat the mill and refineries. Bagasse,
> the fiber fraction of cane, is brought to the mill along with the sugar
> cane. In Minnesota the corn stover (stalk, etc.) is not transported to the
> mill along with the corn kernels. The Chippewa Valley Ethanol
> Cooperative (CVEC) is developing innovative ways to economically
> transport the stover to the mill. Given the high price of natural gas, and
> the resulting pressure on ethanol plants to shift to coal, Minnesota
> should immediately provide the funds to accelerate the use of cellulose
> in the ethanol plants (first for heating and later for making ethanol
> itself).
>
> 7. Make farmer ownership the state's ownership preference.
> New ethanol plants are very large and absentee-owned.
> The ethanol they produce is welcome, but they do not generate
> the local and regional economic and social benefits that
> farmer-owned plants do.
>
> David Morris is vice president of
> the Minneapolis-based
> Institute for Local Self-Reliance.
> _______________________________________________
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--
Pagandai V Pannirselvam
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Departamento de Engenharia Qu’mica - DEQ
Centro de Tecnologia - CT
Programa de P—s Gradua¨‹o em Engenharia Qu’mica - PPGEQ
Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos - GPEC
Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universit‡rio
CEP 59.072-970 , Natal/RN - Brasil
Residence :
Av Odilon gome de lima, 2951,
Q6/Bl.G/Apt 102
Capim Macio
EP 59.078-400 , Natal/RN - Brasil
Telefone(fax) ( 84 ) 215-3770 Ramal20
2171557
Telefone(fax) ( 84 ) 215-3770 Ramal20
2171557
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