Only the abstract is in English.
If you like i can send you pictures, diagrams, etc in your e-mail if it has the
capacity and you will share it to others.
Stelios
Abstract
Alkali catalyzed, two-stage process for biodiesel production from used vegetable
oils mixture and evaluation of its fuel properties and specifications.
The European Union Directive 2003/30/EU for biofuels, under the prism of
increased environmental concerns (combating climate change, reducing local
environmental loads), energy and (free) market policies (achieving full
utilization of renewable energy resources; creating jobs and income in an EU
increasing to 25 member countries; contributing forward to a secure supply of
energy), and several other socioeconomic aspects] is driving industry to
produce biodiesel in order to supply the markets in each country with an
appropriate proportion of the conventional fuel demand.
Biodiesel is the product of the reaction of vegetable oils and animal fats with
alcohols and it has many fuel specifications similar with those of conventional
(e.g. petrogenic) diesel. This new fuel seems to be environmentally friendlier
by means of safer exhaust emissions, even of exhaust pollutants of diesel
specified by low-sulphur content. In fact the need for using low-sulphur diesel
led to a decreasing lubricity, which has been suggested to improve by blending
conventional diesel with biodiesel. Thus, the need to produce biodiesel in a
financial wise manner that meets the above mentioned specifications is
obvious.
In this project an alkali catalyzed two-stage transesterification of
mixtures
of used oils is studied (olive oil, corn oil, soy oil, sunflower oil). This
process is followed by an evaluation and quality control exercise of the end
products. According to our initial results the factors controlling the quality
of the end product are:
I) The Free Fatty Acids (FFA) level in the used oils feedstock and iodine
value;
II) the amount of alkali catalyst (calculated by using an empirical formula
introducing the previously mentioned FFA value);
III) the proportion of different types of used oils in the reactant mixture, and
its effect on some fuel properties like viscosity; the cloud point, lubricity,
heating value and the pour point cold weather flow properties. From the
different feedstock used, the used olive-oil meets the EN 14214 specifications
but with the appropriate modifications all the above oils could be used to
produce a biofuel of acceptable quality for surface transport uses.
From the different used feedstock the used olive oil gave a fuel that meets the
EN 14214 specifications for biodiesel used in transport vehicles. The rest used
oils (cornoil, soybean oil, sunflower oil), produced biodiesel that meets the EN
14213 specifications of biodiesel used as heating oil.
However, with the appropiate modifications (that are also proposed) in our
methodology a fuel that meets both specifications can be produced.
Incentives
In a real scale the exploitation, recovery and recycling of used oils can only
be done using mixtures of used oils given that many different types of used
oils, with different FFA level, are disposed.
To the best of our knowledge no other work accomplishing all of the following
has been reported:
1. The development of a simple and safe methodology producing biodiesel of
acceptable quality (under the EN 14214 or 14213 specifications) from a mixture
of used oils feedstock.
2. The establishment of a simple formula of the quantity of the catalyst
needed,
depending on the FFA level of oils, saturation level and types of edible used
oils.
3. The estimation of the diesel fuel properties of the biodiesel product
when
the proportion of the types of used oils is known.
Αρχικό μήνυμα από bob allen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> Congratulations Stelios, I think you made a wise decision on your thesis
> work. It looks like you will be in demand.
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> >Dear Prof Allen, Keith, et Al
> >
> >With your help i made my dream possible.
> >I received my MSc in Environmental Engineering, and my diploma is titled:
> >Process development for biodiesel production from waste edible oils and
> quality
> >control of the produced alternative fuel.
> >
> >
>
> Is there an electronic version of your thesis you could share with us?
> In english hopefully?
>
> >My achivement however which i am really proud of is that i received three
> awards
> >and 2 grants in national level (Greece), and i am waiting for another one
> which
> >i replied lately in France. (very intereresting meeting opportunity to
> exchange
> >ideas there www.innovact.com they have also a agro-meeting section)
> >
> >My research interest is now on reclaiming biodiesel byproducts ang i am
> >considering the following: organic fertiliser(compost), natural
> antioxidants
> >(polyphenols, mainly from used olive oil),tocopherols, biopolymers,
> metabolites
> >of glycerol (e.x. lactic acid). I think these should be mentioned on the
> web
> >site and i could prepare something about these.
> >
> >
> >
> Although I have little time for real research, I also am looking at
> other ways to reclaim byproducts, essentially the glycerol.
> Etherification of glycerol yields 1,2,3 trimethoxy propane which could
> be used as an oxygenated component for gasoline. Also reesterifcation of
> the glycerol with propanoic or butanoic acid will produce a 12 or 15
> carbon compound which could be added directly to the biodiesel, thus
> increasing the overall yield of fuel from lipids. Of course the big
> question is, is it energy/cost effective.
>
> good luck
>
>
>
> --
> Bob Allen
> http://ozarker.org/bob
>
> "Science is what we have learned about how to keep
> from fooling ourselves" β Richard Feynman
>
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