From: Zeke Yewdall <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Bob Allen -Other Vaccines during WWI - THE
1918INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC
Date: Tue, 6 Dec 2005 15:49:42 -0700
If vaccines are big business being forced on us for profit, then why
does no one want to actually make them. Last year, less than half of
the people in the US who wanted to get flu vaccines couldn't even get
them, because there was only one or two companies who produced them,
and one got shut down. Wouldn't the big drug companies be falling
over themselves to get into this business if there was any money to be
made in it? Vaccinating someone only gets you $5, once a year for
flu, or maybe $60 once every 10 years for other stuff. Better to sell
them fancy patented drugs for $80 a month...
On 12/6/05, Marylynn Schmidt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >"THE 1918 INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC WAS A VACCINE-CAUSED DISEASE
> >E. McBean (Vaccination The Silent Killer p28)
> >
> >Very few people realize that the worst epidemic ever to hit America,
the
> >Spanish Influenza of 1918 was the after effect of the massive
nation-wide
> >vaccine campaign. ..................
> >
> >If we check back in history to that 1918 flu period, we will see that
it
> >suddenly struck just after the end of World War I when our soldiers
were
> >returning home from overseas. That was the first war in which all the
known
> >vaccines were forced on all the servicemen. This mish-mash of poison
drugs
> >and putrid protein of which the vaccines were composed, caused such
> >widespread disease and death among the soldiers that it was the common
talk
> >of the day, that more of our men were being killed by medical shots
than by
> >enemy shots from guns. Thousands were invalided home or to military
> >hospitals, as hopeless wrecks, before they ever saw a day of battle.
The
> >death and disease rate among the vaccinated soldiers was four times
higher
> >than among the unvaccinated civilians. But this did not stop the
vaccine
> >promoters. Vaccine has always been big business, and so it was
continued
> >doggedly."
> >*********************
> >from my research
> >
> >Vaccines in use during WWI
> >
> >Besides smallpox vaccine, there is a history of typhoid vaccines,
plague
> >vaccines, diphtheria, rabies vaccine, tetanus antitoxin
> >
> >
> >
> >http://www.who.int/vaccines-diseases/history/history.shtml
> ># 1885 Rabies
> ># 1897 Plague
> >
>
>http://www.worldpsychology.net/World%20Psychology/OriginalCorePages/marriage
> >8.htm
> >1895 Diptheria vaccination program begins. Over the period lasting
until
> >1907, 63,249 cases of diptheria were treated with anti-toxin. Over
8,900
> >died, giving a fatality rate of 14%. Over the same period, 11,716 cases
> >were not treated with anti-toxin, of which 703 died, giving a fatality
rate
> >of 6%.
> >
> >1919 Diptheria vaccinations injure 60 and kill 10 in Texas.
> >
> >http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2003/05/08/story265526733.asp
> >But US Army records show that seven men dropped dead after being
> >vaccinated.
> >
> >A report from US Secretary of War Henry L Stimson not only verified
these
> >deaths but also stated that there had been 63 deaths and 28,585 cases
of
> >hepatitis as a direct result of yellow fever vaccination during only
six
> >months of the war.
> >
> >That was only one of the 14 to 25 shots given to recruits.
> >
> >Army records also reveal that after vaccination became compulsory in
the US
> >Army in 1911, not only did typhoid increase rapidly but all other
vaccinal
> >diseases increased at an alarming rate.
> >
> >After America entered the war in 1917, the death rate from typhoid
> >vaccination rose to the highest point in the history of the US Army.
> >
> >The deaths occurred after the shots were given in sanitary American
> >hospitals and well-supervised army camps in France, where sanitation
had
> >been practised for years.
> >
> >The report of the Surgeon-General of the US Army shows that during 1917
> >there were admitted into the army hospitals 19,608 men suffering from
> >anti-typhoid inoculation and vaccinia.
> >
> >******
> >http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-35678
> > Tetanus
> > from the medicine, history of article
> >The other great hazard of war that was brought under control in World
War I
> >was tetanus. This was achieved by the prophylactic injection of tetanus
> >antitoxin into all wounded men. The serum was originally prepared by
the
> >bacteriologists Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato in 189092,
and
> >the results of this first large-scale trial amply confirmed its
efficacy.
> >...
> >
> >In 1897 the English bacteriologist Almroth Wright introduced a vaccine
> >prepared from killed typhoid bacilli as a preventive of typhoid.
> >Preliminary trials in the Indian army produced excellent results, and
> >typhoid vaccination was adopted for the use of British troops serving
in
> >the South African War. Unfortunately, the method of administration was
> >inadequately
> >
> >***********
>
>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ui
> >ds=10963505&dopt=Citation
> > South Med J. 2000 Aug;93(8):763-7. Related Articles, Links
> >
> > 'Bacilli and bullets': William Osler and the antivaccination
movement.
> >
> > Greenberg SB.
> >
> > Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor
College of
> >Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
> >
> > Public discourse concerning current vaccination recommendations
has
> >dramatically increased. The current battle is not new, having had a
lengthy
> >foreshadowing during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Over a 30-year
> >period, a concerted effort to limit the use of smallpox vaccine grew at
the
> >very time typhoid vaccines were being developed and advocated for
> >widespread prevention. As a long time advocate for widespread smallpox
> >vaccination and a supporter of the newly tested typhoid vaccine, Sir
> >William Osler entered the public debate at the beginning of World War
I.
> >Osler was asked to address the officers and men in the British army on
the
> >need for typhoid vaccination. His speech entitled "Bacilli and Bullets"
> >outlined the medical reasons for getting inoculated against typhoid.
> >Osler's strong support for typhoid vaccination of the British troops
was
> >met by opposition in Parliament but not by most of the troops. Osler's
> >arguments in support of vaccination failed to respond to the concept of
> >"conscientious objection," which was central to the
antivaccinationists'
> >argument. Similar arguments are being propounded by current
antivaccination
> >groups.
> >
> >**********
> >http://www.smallpox.army.mil/messageMap/messageMapAll.asp?cID=152
> >From 1777 to today, vaccines protected American troops from dangerous
> >infections. Typhoid vaccine reduced typhoid casualties from 20,000 in
> >Spanish-American War of 1898 to just 1,500 in World War I.
> >
> >*********
> >http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IBY/is_4_79/ai_103382403
> >"In 1899 during the Boer War, the British developed the typhoid
vaccine. As
> >history has shown, people are usually opposed to vaccines, and the
> >opposition to the typhoid vaccine grew among the British Army troops.
> >Opposition personnel even boarded transport ships in Southampton Harbor
and
> >threw the typhoid vaccine into the water. As a result, the British Army
> >made the typhoid vaccine optional and only 14,000 soldiers volunteered
to
> >take it. During the Boer War itself, 58,000 British troops contracted
> >typhoid fever and 9,000 needlessly died from the disease. Among those
> >vaccinated, only 2 percent became infected, and they survived. The
overall
> >result, however, was that the British lost the Boer War. But a lesson
had
> >been learned; in 1914 during World War 1,97 percent of the British
troops
> >opted to take the typhoid vaccine."
> >
> >*********
> >http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1870/august_17_1870_57599.html
> >August 17, 1870 in History
> >Frederick Russell, developed 1st successful typhoid fever vaccine
> >
> >http://www.mnmed.org/publications/MNMed2002/February/Blanck.html
> >Published monthly by the Minnesota Medical Association
> >February 2002/Volume 85
> >
> >The History of Immunization in the U.S. Armed Forces
> >
> >For centuries, the U.S. military has led the charge against infectious
> >disease.
> >
> >"Even before the Spanish-American War, the new science of bacteriology
was
> >marching on. In Paris in 1898, Fernand Widal showed that the serum from
a
> >recovered patient would cause typhoid bacteria to clump. From that came
the
> >Widal test, the first serodiagnosis.
> >
> >In Germany in 1896, Richard Pfeiffer demonstrated that cholera bacilli
> >would agglutinate in vivo as well as in guinea pig peritoneum, which
> >suggested to him and Elmo Wright in England that perhaps dead bacilli
could
> >produce an antibody response. This understanding led, in 1896, to the
> >development of a typhoid vaccine, which was used by the British during
the
> >Boer War. Lt. Col. William Leishman of England continued this research,
> >developing standard methods of production and performing statistically
> >sound epidemiological studies, which by 1908 showed that two shots of
> >typhoid vaccine gave excellent protection.
> >
> >In 1908, U.S. Army Surgeon General Robert O'Reilly decided that the
U.S.
> >Army needed to study Leishman's vaccine. He sent Capt. Frederick
Russell to
> >England to study with Leishman and then to learn Pfeiffer's methodology
in
> >Germany. Russell returned to the Army Medical School laboratories in
> >Washington, D.C., and began to make vaccines with the combination of
German
> >and English methods.
> >
> >In 1911, Army Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood (who began his army
> >career as a medical officer) ordered that the Army be immunized and
that
> >the immunizations be recorded. So from 1911 on, the Army and Navy
personnel
> >were immunized against typhoid fever. This made a critical difference
in
> >the health of the military personnel. The high rates of morbidity and
> >mortality during the Spanish-American War in 1898 (from typhoid) faded
to
> >essentially nothing by World War I."
> >
> >***********
>
>http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/bulletin_of_the_history
> >_of_medicine/v074/74.2hardy.html&session=23645538
> >Hardy, Anne, Dr ""Straight back to Barbarism": Antityphoid Inoculation
and
> >the Great War, 1914"
> >Bulletin of the History of Medicine - Volume 74, Number 2, Summer 2000,
pp.
> >265-290
> >The Johns Hopkins University Press
> >
> >Excerpt
> >
> >On 27 August 1914, just three weeks after the outbreak of the Great
War,
> >Sir William Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford University,
wrote
> >a letter to the Times, in which he urged the necessity of compulsorily
> >vaccinating British troops against typhoid. "In war," he pressed, "the
> >microbe kills more than the bullet," and he reminded his readers that
more
> >men had died of dysentery and typhoid in the Boer War than had died in
> >action. 1 Osler's plea was supported, in the first week of September,
by
> >letters from Sir Lauder Brunton, an acknowledged leader of the medical
> >profession, and Sir Almroth Wright, head of the Inoculation Department
at
> >St Mary's Hospital, London, and a pioneer of antityphoid vaccine. 2 On
28
> >September Wright wrote again, arguing the case for compulsory
vaccination
> >at far greater length. "An army going on active service," he stated,
"goes
> >from the sanitary conditions of civilization straight back to those of
> >barbarism. It goes out to confront dangers which have, in settled
> >communities, been so completely extinguished as to have passed almost
out
> >of mind." 3 [End Page 265]
> >
> >On the face of it, these letters may be read as a reflection of medical
> >altruism, of concern that governmental and military authorities should
take
> >advantage of the latest developments of modern medicine in protecting
their
> >armies and the wider war effort from the ravages of disease--but the
> >reality was less prosaic, less disinterested, and considerably more
> >complicated. Behind these letters lay a continuing tension between the
> >British medical community's attempts to gain acceptance for the
perceived
> >benefits of immunization, and the political consensus and popular
> >sensitivities established within the wider social context of British
> >liberal adjustment to a modernizing industrial society. 4 The context
of
> >war, moreover, sharpened a parallel...
> >
> >*************
> >http://nobelprize.org/medicine/articles/behring/
> >The Introduction of Serum Therapy
> >
> >The first successful therapeutic serum treatment of a child suffering
from
> >diphtheria occurred in 1891. Until then more than 50,000 children in
> >Germany died yearly of diphtheria. During the first few years, there
was no
> >successful breakthrough for this form of therapy, as the antitoxins
were
> >not sufficiently concentrated. Not until the development of enrichment
by
> >the bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) along with a precise
> >quantification and standardization protocol, was an exact determination
of
> >quality of the antitoxins presented and successfully developed. Behring
> >subsequently decided to draw up a contract with Ehrlich as the
foundation
> >of their future collaboration. They organized a laboratory under a
railroad
> >circle (Stadtbahnbogen) in Berlin, where they could then obtain the
serum
> >in large amounts by using large animals first sheep and later horses.
> >
> >In 1892, Behring and the Hoechst chemical and pharmaceutical company at
> >Frankfurt/Main, started working together, as they recognized the
> >therapeutic potential of the diphtheria antitoxin. From 1894, the
> >production and marketing of the therapeutic serum began at Hoechst.
Besides
> >many positive reactions, there was also noticeable criticism.
Resistance,
> >however, was soon put aside, due to the success of the therapy.
> >
> >
> >The Marburg Years
> >
> >Behring was given the opportunity to start a university career through
one
> >of the leading officers (Ministerialrat) of the Prussian Ministry of
> >Education and Cultural Affairs, Friedrich Althoff (1839-1908), who
wanted
> >to improve the control of epidemics in Prussia by supporting
> >bacteriological research. After a short period as professor at the
> >University of Halle-Wittenberg, Behring was recruited by Althoff to
take
> >over the vacant chair in hygiene at Philipps Marburg University on
April 1,
> >1895. His appointment as full professor followed shortly thereafter
against
> >the will of the faculty, who besides all of Behring's outstanding
> >discoveries, wanted a university lecturer who would broadly represent
the
> >field. However, Althoff rejected all counterproposals and Behring took
over
> >as Director of the Institute of Hygiene at Marburg. His position
included
> >giving lectures for hygiene and concurrently held a teaching contract
in
> >the history of medicine. In 1896, the Marburg Institute of Hygiene
moved to
> >a building on a road nearby Pilgrimstein Road, previously the Surgery
> >Clinic. Behring divided the Institute into two departments, a Research
> >Department for Experimental Therapy and a Teaching Department for
Hygiene
> >and Bacteriology. He remained Director of the Institute until his
> >retirement as professor in May 1916.
> >
> >
> >Scientific Contacts
> >
> >Behring belonged to a scientific discussion group called "The Marburg
> >Circle" (das Marburger Kränzchen), whose other members were the
zoologist
> >Eugen Korschelt (1858-1946), the surgeon Paul Friedrich (1864-1916),
the
> >botanist Arthur Meyer (1850-1922), the physiologist Friedrich Schenk
> >(1862-1916), the pathologist Carl August Beneke (1861-1945) and the
> >pharmacologist August Gürber (1864-1937). They often met at Behring's
home
> >where they had rounds of vivid and prolific scientific discussions.
> >
> >
> >Active Protective Vaccination against Diphtheria
> >Old vials (1897 and 1906) with hand-written labels.
> >Photo: Courtesy of Aventis Behring
> >
> >The therapeutic serum developed by Behring prevented diphtheria for
only a
> >short period of time. In 1901, Behring, therefore, for the first time,
used
> >a diphtheria innoculation of bacteria with reduced virulence. With this
> >active immunization he hoped to help the body also produce antitoxins.
As a
> >supporter of the humoral theory of immune response, Behring believed in
the
> >long-term protective action of these antitoxins found in serum. It is
> >well-established knowledge today that active vaccination stimulates the
> >antitoxin (antibody) producing cells to full function.
> >
> >The development of an active vaccine took a few years. In 1913, Behring
> >went public with his diphtheria protective agent, T.A.
(Toxin-Antitoxin).
> >It contained a mixture of diphtheria toxin and therapeutic serum
antitoxin.
> >The toxin was meant to cause a light general response of the body, but
not
> >to harm the person who is vaccinated. In addition, it was designed to
> >provide long-term protection. The new drug was tested at various
clinics
> >and was proven to be non-harmful and effective.
> >
> >*************
> >http://nobelprize.org/medicine/articles/behring/
> >Tetanus Therapeutic Serum during World War I
> >
> >In 1891, tetanus serum was introduced considerably more quickly in
clinical
> >practices than the diphtheria serum. The Agricultural Ministry
supported
> >research efforts to develop a therapeutic agent against tetanus to
protect
> >agriculturally valuable animals. The large amounts of serum required
were
> >obtained through the immunization of horses. However, there was no
> >substantial clinical testing on humans; this led the Military
> >Administration to accept it only on a small scale at the beginning of
World
> >War I.
> >
> >During the first months of the war, this restraint led to massive
losses of
> >human lives. Also, after the distribution of the tetanus antitoxins in
the
> >military hospitals, many futile attempts at therapy were noted. At the
end
> >of 1914, as a result of Behring's constructive assistance, the
injection of
> >serum was established as preventing disease. Starting in April 1915,
the
> >mistakes in dosage and the shortage of supplies were overcome and the
> >numbers of sick fell dramatically. Behring was declared "Saviour of the
> >German Soldiers" and was awarded the the Prussian Iron Cross medal.
> >
> >************
> >http://www.vaccines.army.mil/default.aspx?cnt=disease/minidv&dID=43
> >In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively
transferred
> >antitoxin, and passive immunization in humans was used during World War
I.
> >
> >http://www.mmhc.com/altc/displayArticle.cfm?articleID=altcac407
> >Passive immunization was used during World War I
> >
> >
> >***********
> >History of Plague Vaccines
> >
> >Killed bacteria have been used in plague vaccines since 1896
> >
>
>http://www.vnh.org/MedAspChemBioWar/chapters/chapter_23.htm#immunization
> >
> >The first plague vaccine, consisting of killed whole cells, was
developed
> >by Russian physician Waldemar M. W. Haffkine, working in India in 1897.
> >
>
>http://www.vnh.org/MedAspChemBioWar/chapters/chapter_23.htm#immunization
> >Plague vaccines have been used with varying effectiveness since the
late
> >nineteenth century.
> >
>
>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0805066802/104-2280869-7143930
> >?v=glance
> >Yersin went on to discover a vaccine for the plague, which he began
> >administering in India in 1898.
> >
> >*********
> >http://americanhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/history2.htm
> >As more immunizing agents became available, people saw the benefit of
> >immunizing large groups, such as soldiers. During World War I, they
were
> >vaccinated against diphtheria
> >
> >
> >Also a history of Biological Warfare in WWI
> >1915
> >
> >Dr Anton Dilger, a noted German-American Physician, established a small
> >biological agent production facility at his northwest Washington, DC
home.
> >Using cultures of Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) and Pseudomonas Mallei
> >(Glanders) supplied by the Imperial German government, Dilger produced
an
> >estimated liter or more of liquid agent. He reportedly passed the agent
and
> >a standard inoculation device to dock workers in Baltimore who used
them to
> >infect a reported 3500 horses, mules and cattle destined for the Allied
> >troops who were waging World War 1. Several Hundred military personnel
were
> >infected as well.
> >
> >
> >--------------------------------------------------------
> >Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA, Classical Homeopath
> >Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & Wales UK
> >$$ Donations to help in the work - accepted by Paypal account
> >[EMAIL PROTECTED] voicemail US 530-740-0561
> >(go to http://www.paypal.com) or by mail
> >Vaccines - http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm
> >Vaccine Dangers On-Line course -
> >http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccineclass.htm
> >Homeopathy On-Line course - http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/homeo.htm
> >ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL
> > OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE.
> >******
> >"Just look at us. Everything is backwards; everything is upside down.
> >Doctors destroy health, lawyers destroy justice, universities destroy
> >knowledge, governments destroy freedom, the major media destroy
information
> >and religions destroy spirituality" ....Michael Ellner
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
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