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http://hps.cmail4.com/t/r/e/trdjirl/xdrwyuty/b/                    HISTORY &

PHILOSOPHY

OF SCIENCE

Dear HP

Eudiometers as Instruments of Enlightenment and the Conflicts of
Experimental Philosophy

Victor Boantza, Unit for HPS

University of Sydney

In 1772 Joseph Priestley announced a new method of measuring the
"goodness" of airs—the nitrous air test—thus laying the
foundation for the practice of eudiometry. In 1783 Henry
Cavendish published 'An Account of a New Eudiometer' but
concluded that "our sense of smelling can … perceive infinitely
smaller alterations in the purity of the air than can be
perceived by the nitrous test." During the 1770s–80s eudiometry
was widely practiced and hotly disputed. While giving rise to
utopian dreams of social, medical, and environmental reforms
experimentalists found the instrumental practice difficult to
standardize and reconcile with various theoretical and
experimental motivations. Examining the ambivalent identity of
the eudiometer within its contexts of production and use shows
the interplay between experimental skill, accuracy, and
simplicity in the generation and dissemination of scientific
knowledge in the Enlightenment.

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