School of History and Philosophy of Science
RESEARCH SEMINAR
[The University of Sydney]
[https://d31hzlhk6di2h5.cloudfront.net/20260524/85/c7/96/77/ba2306ec500ffffc839c4952_1276x840.jpg]
Sex as a Process
Paul E. Griffiths (University of Sydney and Macquarie University)

Dates: Monday, 01/06/2026
Start Time: 5:30pm
Venue: The Sybil Centre, 15 Carillon Avenue, Newtown, NSW, Australia
How to register: Free, no registration required
Website: 
https://hps-events.sydney.edu.au/<https://t.e2ma.net/click/k9lnmy/44z6tvnb/k5unx3e>

Abstract: Biological sex is defined by anisogamy: males produce small gametes, 
females large gametes. This definition has been criticised as a ‘sex binary’ 
harmful to sexual and gender minorities. Such criticism conflates gametic sex, 
which is binary, with phenotypic sex, which is not. There are two gametic 
sexes, but many kinds of sexed bodies combining sexes in different ways.

In a well-meaning effort to support diverse communities, many theorists have 
sought to increase the number of sexes. But there is a better solution. That is 
to realise that sexes are phenotypes. They are not present in miniature in the 
fertilised egg. Just like arms, livers or musical ability, sexes have to grow. 
Sex is a process.

Because sexes are phenotypes, chromosomes, nest temperatures and other 
sex-determining mechanisms may cause the sex of an individual, but they cannot 
constitute the sex of that individual, any more than the gene for blue eyes can 
be a blue eye.

This developmental perspective on sex provides a framework for understanding 
both the evolved diversity of sexed bodies across species and the open-ended, 
idiosyncratic diversity of sexed bodies within a single species.

Bio: Emeritus Professor Paul Griffiths was formerly Challis Professor of 
Philosophy at the University of Sydney. He has been both a Laureate Fellow 
(2018) and a Federation Fellow (2007) of the Australian Research Council. He is 
a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science, and the Royal Society of NSW, and was awarded 
the RSNSW Medal for History and Philosophy of Science in 2019.  He was twice 
appointed to the Australian Health Ethics Committee, a Principal Committee of 
NHMRC (2006-9, 2009-12).

In 2022 Paul received the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Research 
Leadership Award and was named in a Stanford University study as amongst the 
top 2% of influential academics worldwide. He retired at the beginning of 2024 
and in addition to his Emeritus position at University of Sydney he is a Senior 
Research Fellow in the School  of Humanities at Macquarie University, where he 
continues to hold research grants.


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