[tech4all] Computer Languages

[bharath]

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Computer Languages Language Origin of Name Year Uses/Comments   ADA Augusta ADA Byron (Lady Lovelace) 1979 Derived from Pascal, used primarily by the military. ALGOL ALGOrithmic Language 1960 First structured procedural programming language, used mainly for solving math problems. APL A Programming Language 1961 Interpreted language using a large set of special symbols and terse syntax. Used primarily by mathematicians. BASIC Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code 1965 Very popular high-level programming language, frequently used by beginning programmers. C Predecessor was Bell Laboratory's 1972 B Programming Language 1972 Compiled, structured, programming language commonly used in many workplaces because its programs are easy to transfer between different types of computers. C++ Advanced version of C. Developed at ATT Bell Labs. 1985 C++ is used in numerous fields, such as accounting and finance systems, and computer-aided design. Supports object-oriented programming. COBOL COmmon Business-Oriented Language 1959 English-like programming language, emphasizes data structures. Widely used, especially in businesses. FORTH FOuRTH-Generation language (4 GL) 1970 Interpreted, structured language, easily extended. Provides high functionality in limited space. Fortran FORmula TRANslation 1954 Initially designed for scientific and engineering uses, a high-level, compiled language now used in many fields. Introduced several concepts such as variables, conditional statements, and separately compiled subroutines. HTML HyperText Markup Language 1989 Designed for publishing hypertext on the Internet. JAVA Sun Microsystems developers drank a lot of coffee when coding for this. 1990 Originally developed for use in set-top boxes, transitioned to the World Wide Web in 1994. LISP LISt Processing 1960 A list-oriented programming language, mainly used to manipulate lists of data. Interpreted language, often used in research, generally considered the "standard" language for Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects. LOGO Derived from Greek logos, meaning word 1968 Programming language often used with children. Features a simple drawing environment and several higher-level features from LISP. Primarily educational. Modula-2 MODULAr Language, designed as secondary phase of Pascal (Niklaus Wirth devised both) 1980 Language that emphasizes modular programming. High-level language based on Pascal, characterized by lack of standard functions and procedures. Pascal Blaise PASCAL, mathematician and inventor of first computing device 1971 Compiled, structured language, based on ALGOL. Adds data types and structures while simplifying syntax. Like C language, it is a standard development language for microcomputers. PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language 1988 It is a text-processing language that looks like a combination of C and several Unix text processing utilities. PILOT Programmed Inquiry, Language Or Teaching 1969 Programming language used primarily to create applications for computer-aided instruction. Contains very little syntax. PL/1 Programming Language One 1964 Designed to combine the key features of Fortran, COBOL, and ALGOL, a complex programming language. Compiled, structured language capable of error handling and multitasking, used in some academic and research environments. SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language 1986 Designed as a metalanguage, it is used as an international standard for the description of marked-up electronic text. SQL Structured Query Language 1986 Designed to be used for creating complex databases and accessing data in a relational database. VB Visual Basic 1990 Sometimes called the Rapid Applications Development system, is used to build applications quickly. XML Extensible Markup Language 1977 Used for creating arbitrarily-structured documents and Web pages; it is commonly associated with the Internet.

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