An operational risk is a risk arising from execution of a companys
business functions. As such, it is a very broad concept including e.g
fraud risks, legal risks, physical or environmental risks, etc. The
term operational risk is most commonly found in risk management
programs of financial institutions that must organize their risk
management program according to Basel II. In Basel II, risk management
is divided into credit, market and operational risk management. In
many cases, credit and market risks are handled through a companys
financial department, whereas operational risk management is perhaps
coordinated centrally but most commonly implemented in different
operational units e.g. the IT department takes care of information
risks, the HR department takes care of personnel risks, etcMore
specifically, Basel II defines operational risk as the risk of loss
resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and
systems, or from external events. Although the risks apply to any
organisation in business, this particular way of framing risk
management is of particular relevance to the banking regime where
regulators are responsible for establishing safeguards to protect
against systemic failure of the banking system and the economy.Since
the mids, the topics of market risk and credit risk have been the
subject of much debate and research, with the result that financial
institutions have made significant progress in the identification,
measurement and management of both these forms of risk.
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