Liver
The liver is the body’s largest gland: an adult human liver weighs between
3.2 and 3.7 pounds. It sits to the right of the stomach where it not only
detoxifies the blood, but also aids in digestion by creating bile, which
helps break down fats....
The liver is the largest glandular organ in the body and performs many
vital functions to keep the body pure of toxins and harmful substances.
It is a vital organ that supports nearly every organ in the body in some
facet. Without a healthy liver, a person cannot survive.
An average adult liver weighs about three pounds. Located in the
upper-right portion of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm, the liver
consists of four lobes. It receives about 1.5 quarts of blood every minute
via the hepatic artery and portal vein.
The liver is considered a gland—an organ that secretes chemicals—because it
producesbile, a substance needed to digest fats. Bile’s salts break up fat
into smaller pieces so it can be absorbed more easily in the small
intestine.
In addition to producing bile, the liver:
- Detoxifies the blood to rid it of harmful substances such as alcohol
and drugs
- Stores some vitamins and iron
- Stores the simple sugar glucose
- Converts stored sugar to usable sugar when the body’s sugar (glucose)
levels fall below normal.
- Breaks down hemoglobin as well as insulin and other hormones
- Converts ammonia to urea, which is vital in metabolism
- Destroys old red blood cells
The destruction of old red blood cells produces waste that gives fecal
matter its usual brown color. Discoloration of stool — or darkened urine —
could signal something is wrong with your liver.
Another common sign of liver problems is jaundice, the yellowing of the
skin and eyes due to the buildup of bilirubin, a waste product of normal
hemoglobin breakdown.
Because the liver performs so many vital functions, it is prone to disease.
Common liver diseases include hepatitis infection, fatty liver disease,
cancer as well as damage from alcohol, the pain reliever acetaminophen, and
some cancer drugs.
Cirrhosis of the liver occurs when the organ becomes scarred and hardened
so that it cannot function properly. This is most often caused by chronic
liver disease brought on by long-term alcohol abuse or hepatitis C
infection.
Liver dialysis—in which a machine performs the detoxification function of
the liver—is still a relatively new treatment, and it cannot support a
person longer than a few years. Dialysis is normally used as a bridge
between liver failure and liver transplant surgery.
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