Q1 The Architecture of American Slavery: Teaching the Black Lives Matter Movement to Architects by-Catherine Zipf/// (KR The question is historical; and the answer is not even biblical; when taking up such historical issues it is not the write up of Jordan that speaks the reality. The above is a book of importance on slavery and many more do exist in any library. On this earth, slavery had created history and one is here in USA An extract is given)
ARCHITECTURE OF AMERICAN SLAVERY When I signed on to teach a course entitled The Architecture of American Slavery at Roger Williams University in spring, 2016, I did not expect the Black Lives Matter movement to be relevant. I thought the course would be about the infrastructure surrounding American slavery, and its present-day remnants. But as it turns out, the Black Lives Matter movement is tied to the architectural legacy of American slavery in more ways than I had thought. I spent the 2015-16 academic year filling in for a good friend and colleague as a Visiting Associate Professor in Historic Preservation at RWU, in Bristol, RI. I have taught preservation classes off and on during the fifteen years I have lived in Rhode Island. Outside academia, I am deeply involved in researching the history of Rhode Island’s built environment, particularly its sites associated with African- Americans and women. As such, I am constantly searching for interesting projects with pedagogical applications. Relative to the depth of its history, Rhode Island is vastly under-researched. Finding things to study is not hard. Rhode Island’s African-American spaces are especially under-researched. With a white population of 96.3%, Bristol, RI, is not particularly diverse. The next largest racial subgroup is Hispanic, at 1.3%. African-Americans make up 0.6% of the population. 1 As a result, white oriented architectural history tends to dominate. Yet, Bristol was ground zero for the RI slave trade and home to the DeWolf family, who ran one of the most profitable slave-trading enterprises in the country during the colonial era. DeWolf buildings dot Bristol’s landscape, creating an interesting and often uncomfortable relationship with present-day life. For example, the DeWolfe warehouse, where slaves and slave goods were stored, is now an upscale restaurant (Figure 1). The history of the DeWolfes themselves is well told, but the African-American side is left out. I have long thought that a class on Bristol’s African-American architecture would be really interesting. When it looked like my spring semester schedule would have room for a special topics class, I pitched the idea to my dean, Stephen White. Originally titling the course The Landscape of Northern Slavery, I briefly outlined a syllabus that would explore the spatial aspect of the town’s slave trading past. It was an “off” idea and somewhat controversial, not one I thought he’d go for. However, Steve really liked it—a lot, and far more than any of the other ideas I had. He not only saw the merits of the class but didn't object to its material. And, he was extremely enthusiastic. His support was key, as was the interest of the students. Like every professor offering a special topics class, I feared that the course wouldn’t make minimum enrollment. But, it filled in the first two days of registration. Like its hometown, RWU (“R-Dubs”) also does not have a diverse student population. 73% of the university is white, 5% Latino, 2.5% African-American, 2.2% Asian and 1% Native American (the remaining percent is unknown). Its minority populations are below the national averages.2 Its faculty is not much better: 89% is white, 2.8% Latino, 2.5% Asian, 2.4% African-American, and .5% Native American. Given these demographics, it came as no surprise that I had only one person of color, an international student from Turkey, among my 19 students. About half were graduate students and half were undergraduate seniors. All but two were architecture majors; the remaining two were historic preservation majors. The lack of diversity within the class was something I had anticipated in advance. About a week after pitching the course to Steve, it occurred to me that The Landscape of Northern Slavery couldn’t be understood outside the context of plantation or Southern slavery. And, I could not count on university students in a northern small town to be familiar with the intricacies of plantation architecture. The course would have to take a broader approach to the idea of slavery, its architectural imprint on our landscape, and the results of that imprint today. I called Steve back and asked if we could enlarge the scope of the course to The Architecture of American Slavery. This title would offer more room to manoeuvre within the topic. He agreed. The course was born. *The course would have to take a broader approach to the idea of slavery, its architectural imprint on our landscape, and the results of that imprint today.* >From its start, I wanted to take a long view of the subject and to define both “architecture” and “slavery” very broadly. Having begun with the idea of northern slavery, I never intended to limit the course to Southern plantations. While the lens of Southern plantations might be useful in examining the universality of slave architecture, it lacked sufficient richness to last thirteen weeks. There wasn’t enough scholarship and field trips would be impossible. I feared that the course would be a monotonous death march of “if it’s March 3, it must be [fill in the blank] plantation.” A long view was absolutely necessary. More importantly, the long view created the opportunity to draw connections between the past and the present. As an architectural historian, I consider the past architecture that surrounds us as a vibrant part of our lives. But most students don’t view it that way. They need to be taught to recognize the connections between past and present, as well as how contemporary architecture riffs upon (or rebels against) older buildings. If I limited the topic to plantations only, all of which were remote to our location, that’s all students would see. They would never learn how these particular choices in shaping space reverberate around us today. In order to teach them this, I defined “the architecture of slavery” to include not just plantation houses and slave quarters but every space and landscape in which economic apparatus of slavery took form, including sugar houses, cotton mills, universities, missions, and public housing. The breadth of this definition allowed me to engage with several readings I wanted to cover. A key part of slavery’s architectural legacy revolves around the “40 acres and a mule” question of reparations. I wanted to talk about. I divided the course into five relatively short units: Mission, Plantation, North, Ghetto, and Legacy. Each unit had a set of assigned readings, each ended with an essay-based quiz, and each was composed of sub-topics. The Mission unit consisted of grouped readings on the topics of “White Conquest,” “Mission Architecture,” and “Mission Life.” For “White Conquest,” we examined the history of white arrival in the (future) United States from a geographic perspective. The “Mission Architecture” readings examined the actual buildings, while the “Mission Life” readings talked about how missions operated, allowing us to better understand the lived experiences of Mission-era slaves. A key goal of this unit was to broaden the students’ understanding of American slavery. This choice proved useful, as many were unaware that Native Americans had also been enslaved in the past. Because it was a seminar course, I did not lecture, but I did bring images of buildings or sites mentioned in the readings to reference during our conversations. Architectural history classes run better with images, as most architects learn more effectively through visual media. In one of those “that’s a great idea” moments born slightly out of laziness, I decided to take a “running list” approach to compiling the images. For each class, I would add images from new readings to our unit PowerPoint and then flip through them, forward and backward, as they were relevant to the discussion. I had never tried this method before and found it quite useful in guiding visual learners. It also allowed us to refresh or alter our thinking on ideas discussed in previous class meetings. More importantly, seeing the sites brought a sense of realism to the issues. Over the course of the semester, we looked at many different types of images, from plantation landscapes to economic charts to African slave castles to redlining maps. Seeing the spaces where slaves were held, images of how they were restrained, and maps of how they viewed their world helped us talk bout very difficult issues (Figure 3). The Plantation unit was the largest. Its sub-topics included “Abduction,” “Plantation Architecture,” “Cotton,” “Sugar,” “Landscape,” and “Escape.” Looking back, this unit did the most to press the limits of our definition of the architecture of slavery. The unit began by looking at the spaces through which African slaves travelled, including slave castles, barracoons, and slave “factories,” or towns established along African rivers to hold slaves for sale (Figure 4). In an effort to get a sense of the experience of moving through space as a slave, we looked at items used for confinement, such as slave yokes. We were deeply enriched by the scholarship of Louis Nelson, who is studying these ephemeral African spaces.5 The sub-topics on cotton and sugar were intended to help students understand the impact of economics on the slave landscape. These readings were augmented by images of the structures needed for cotton and sugar production, in which slaves spent a great deal of their time. We also studied how cotton was grown and picked, and how sugar was rendered from cane. Statistics and charts of slave population growth due to rises in the cotton and sugar markets revealed the influence that cash crops had on the slave experience. These sub-topics also helped us understand the plantation landscape as a totality, giving us insight into why escape was so difficult and how the experience differed for whites and blacks. Students encountered many ideas in this unit, but one of the most revelatory was that the Underground Railroad reached barely .01% of the entire slave population. One brave student ventured to describe it as “a story whites tell to make themselves feel better. Before taking the course I thought that architecture was a profession of equality, today, and throughout history. After taking the course, I now see that we, as the new generation, have a chance to possibly create an architecture and built environment that puts all races on a level ground and promotes growth to every type of person, rich or poor…One of the… most eye opening things was from the Black Lives Matter [video] when it said that only 2% of architects are black. I never knew that architecture was so predominantly “white” and I guess the way that it’s taught is to blame. But with all of the cultures all over the world it is surprising to me that the majority of “star-architects” are white men. There has to be more accomplished architects other than whites with all of the unique cultures all over the world. —IW, I had never considered slavery to be something that could shape the built environment so profoundly. Not only did it influence the architecture and landscape of the past, but it still continues to do so today. [Architecture] has the ability to oppress an entire race of people—from the Slave Castles of West Africa to the urban ghettoes in Chicago. The built landscape has the power to affect people in such a dramatic way and as a designer, that was an important lesson for me to learn. —BW This class has made me realize how huge of an impact policy can be on the success of an architectural solution. I don’t believe architecture can be the only solution to a social problem, but as an architect I can strive to best understand the limitations or opportunities that policies put forth in order to work with them or seek to change them…. This class has taught me to be humble about what I build, what I destroy, and what I can learn from other people. — KR IRS 14223 On Mon, 13 Feb 2023 at 20:06, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 02-2023-**06* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > Q1 Why were black people in the past chosen as slaves? > > A1 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, > shop owner, secretary on newspaper Sun > > In general, they weren’t, except by other black people. *Slavers took > slaves from wherever they most easily could, which was usually a neighbour > of the same broad ethnicity as themselves*. So slaves in Rome and Greece > were usually white, and slaves in Africa were usually black, just because > they were handy. > > *However, plantation owners in the southern USA,* the Caribbean and parts > of South America did specifically seek out *black Africans as slaves, > because they wanted people who were physically strong and used to working > all day under a hot sun without becoming ill.* > > Q2 What is the one thing we should stay away from on a railway > station? > > A2 Gopal Gupta,Sat > > Stay away from that yellow line seen in the picture. > > (About 2 feet away from the edge of plat form). > > *When the train is running at full speed, it creates a vacuum-like > situation around itself due to its high speed.* In order to avoid bad > incidents, the railway bureau drew a yellow line next to the platform. To > ensure safety, passengers are requested not to cross the yellow line. If > passengers stand inside this yellow line, the vacuum created by the bullet > train could pull passengers toward the train and cause an accident. > > *My note- The vacuum may be more powerful when empty rakes taken to the > platform from yards.* > > Q3 What are the beautiful places in South India which are still > unexplored? > > A3 Pinkesh Patel, Ask me about travel in India7y > > Here's is the list of the places that most people don't know about but we > can't say that these places are unexplored. > > 1) Gandikota - The Grand Canyon of India > > Gandikota is a small village on the right bank of the river Pennar, 15 km > from Jammalamadugu in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. > > 2) Araku Valley > > Araku Valley is a Hill station in Visakhapatnam district in the state of > Andhra Pradesh in India. It is a valley in the Eastern Ghats inhabited by > different tribes. > > 3) Belum Caves > > Belum Caves is the second largest cave in Indian subcontinent and the > longest caves in plains of Indian Subcontinent, known for its stalactite > and stalagmite formations. > > 4) Skandagiri Hills > > Skandagiri, also known as Kalavara Durga, is an ancient mountain fortress > located approximately 70 km from Bangalore city, and 3 km from Chikballapur > in the Indian state ofKarnataka. It is off Bellary Road ( NH 7 > Hyderabad-Bangalore Highway), and overlooks Nandi Hills and Muddenahalli. > The peak is at an altitude of about 1350 meters. > > 5) Athirappilly Falls > > Athirapalli Falls is situated in Athirappilly panchayath, Chalakudy Taluk > in of Valparai, Kerala on the southwest coast of India. Located on the > west-flowing Chalakudy River near the Vazhachal Forest Division and the > Sholayar ranges, this 24-metre (80 ft) waterfall and the nearby *Vazhachal > Falls are popular tourist destinations*. It is the largest waterfall in > Kerala and is nicknamed "The Niagara of India". Controversy about a > state-proposed hydroelectric dam on the Chalakudy River above the > waterfalls began in the 1990s and has continued through 2011. > > Many movies were shot here. Baahubali: The Beginning is of them. > > 6) Maravanthe Beach > > Maravanthe is a village and a beach near Kundapura, Karnataka, India. > Outlook travel considers it one of Karnataka's most beautiful beaches. It > is about 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Udupi. NH-66 (Erstwhile NH-17) runs > right next to the beach and the Suparnika River flows on the other side of > the road, creating a spectacular scenery and considered only one of its > kind in India. The river *Souparnika, which almost touches Arabian Sea > here, makes a U turn and goes westward to join the Sea* only after a > journey of more than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). > > Q4 What scientists paid the ultimate price for their work? > > A4 David Tussey, Former Former Executive Director, NYC DoITT at > New York City (2017–2020)Aug 15 > > I can’t believe no one has mentioned Rosalind Franklin. She was a > scientist working with James Watson, Maurice Wilkins, and Francis Crick. She > died from multiple cancers associated with the radiation exposure during > her work in discovering the double helix of DNA. > > Franklin was an expert in a powerful technique for determining the > structure of molecules, known as X-ray crystallography. When the > crystallized form of a molecule such as DNA is exposed to X-rays, some of > the rays are deflected by the atoms in the crystal, forming a diffraction > pattern that gives clues about the molecule's structure. > > Franklin’s crystallography gave Watson and Crick important clues to the > structure of DNA. Some of these came from the famous “image 51,” a > remarkably clear and striking X-ray diffraction image of DNA produced by > Franklin and her graduate student. (A modern example of the diffraction > pattern produced by DNA is shown below.) To Watson, the X-shaped > diffraction pattern of Franklin's image immediately suggested a helical, > two-stranded structure for DNA. > > She died at age 37 while battling multiple cancers. Exposure to high > radiation levels during her X-ray work on DNA is considered a factor in her > death. > > Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded a Nobel > Prize in 1962 for their work on DNA. Rosalind Franklin had died in 1958 and > thus was not eligible. Additionally, Watson & Crick barely mentioned > Franklin’s contributions as they rose to fame, despite the fact that > Franklin’s work was critical to discovering the double-helix nature of DNA > and ultimately the entire structure. > > *Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in Chicago is named > in her honor.* > > Q5 Why is Tamil Nadu the most famous/popular state in India, > even for foreigners? > > A5 Bhuvana Rameshwar, Tamil culture and heritage Updated 2y > > Tamil nadu topped the list of number of tourists visiting the state for > the 5th time in a row for year ending 2019. I was surprised as I expected > Rajasthan or Kerala or Gujarat. But TN did it again. > > How did this happen…*probably the ease in travel to TN's various cities > by road, air and train*. The number of ancient temples, their > architecture, the holy trinity cities of Rameshwaram, Kanchipuram and > Madurai valued added to all tours. A visit to Srirangam, Kumbakonam, > Thanjavur Chidambaram is a must if you are an architecture admirer. > > We have 4 UNESCO world heritage sites namely > > Airavateshwar temple, Kumbakonam > > Brahadeshwar or Big temple, Thanjavur > > Gangai konda Cholapuram, Jayamkondam > > Monuments of Mammalapuram. Chennai. > > The last one was made more famous by our PM Modi after an informal meet > there with the Chinese Premier Xi in 2019. It is now flooded with tourists. > > Add to these the Ooty.. Metupalayam, Nilgiris mountain train, it is > declared a world heritage train.. > > *The hill station of Ooty and Kodai are sought after in summers and > winters by our loyal tourists from* Kerala, Karnataka, Telengana and > Andhra Pradesh. These people visit TN even on extended weekends as a > default place if nothing works. > > *Our beaches add glory to all tours with a special* mention of > Mammalapuram (mahabalipuram), Cove Long, three Beaches in Chennai, > Cuddalore and Kanyakumari (tip of India) > > *Add to these shopping for pure kanchipuram silk,* gold jewels, granite > idols, cottons, shell crafts, beads, spices, sambar powder, tea and filter > coffee. > > TN cities like Chennai and Coimbatore have large number of hospital > tourists or medical tourism who come from abroad and other Indian states > for health care in our various state of art, yet budget friendly hospitals. > > TN tours, travel, stay, food, sightseeing shopping are budget friendly. > The state is also safe for tourists from India and abroad. > > Q6 What is something electrical engineers know that others > don't? > > A6 Gokul Venugopal, M.Tech in Power Systems, Sardar Vallabhbhai > National Institute of Technology, Surat (Graduated 2015)5y > > *The zero watt bulb* > > The zero watt bulbs as we call it aren’t actually having power rating of > zero watt. *These small incandescent bulbs have power rating of 10-15W.* > > In the earlier days before the advent of digital meters, energy > consumption was recorded using electro-mechanical energy meters. > > The energy consumption was recorded by counting revolutions of a disc > through mechanical counters. *To get the disc revolving there has to be a > certain minimum current flowing through the meter. Now the current drawn by > these bulbs is very small to get the disc rotating and hence the energy > consumption is not recorded by the electro-mechanical energy meters.* > > So it seemed that these bulbs have no power and hence they got the name > zero watt bulb. (Watt being the unit of power). > > With the advent of digital meters, even energy consumed by a small 0.1 W > LED could also be measured and hence the zero watt bulb is now a misnomer. > > Q7 What are very special stairs? > > A7 Luise, Worked at Own Business Sat > > This is one of the stairs of the Great Wall of China and its steps are > incredibly worn. > > You can't imagine how many people have walked along there to make them > look like this.You might think so. > > *But there is another reason why they look like that.* > > The individual steps are extremely high and they were built crooked and > crooked. And not because they couldn't do better, but so that uninvited > intruders wouldn't have an easy time on them and would easily fall. > > As a result, no one would have been able to enter there quickly. > > *The Great Wall of China consists of several walls.* Some parts of it are > also in North Korea and Mongolia. > > All these walls together would be as long as 1.8 times the diameter of the > Earth (12000 km). This gigantic wall would be 21,196 km long. > > Q8 What is the prettiest town/city in India with many old and > new temples around it? > > A8 Devala Rees, Hindu practitioner and scholar of Pagan > religions Sat > > Well I’m sure it’s one I haven’t been to. There are four thousand towns > and cities in India; I don’t think I’ve been to even fifty of them. > > But of those I have seen firsthand, I will say Haridwar, also known as > Mayapuri and various other names. All photos in this answer were taken by > me, when I was in Haridwar last October (my second visit to this city). > > *I really love Haridwar. If I were to move to India for* a longer stay > rather than just traveling, Haridwar would be one of my topmost > considerations to settle for some time; I feel really at home there. It > truly does justice to its name as a gateway to the Divine, and I think it > deserves its place on the list of the Sapta Puri, the seven most sacred > cities in Hinduism. It’s a very pretty town, with the holy river Ganga > flowing right through it, nestled between green, forested hills. Every > night the river is lit up with floating diya lights, and holy bells and > chants ring out across the water. > > *The city is full of (and surrounded by) temples old* and new - Mansa > Devi Temple, Maya Devi Temple, Chandi Devi Temple (those are the ancient > Big Three, the Siddha Peethas of Mayapuri, and some of the most spiritually > powerful temples I’ve experienced in all of India), > > Bharat Mata Temple (a new temple for Indian patriots), Har Ki Pauri Ganga > Temple (famous for its evening Aarti), Daksh Mahadev Temple (a really > amazing temple), Neeleshwar Temple (mainly known for its beautiful views), > the Jain Temple (exquisite architecture), Saptrishi Ashram, Vaishno Devi > Temple (nicely inclusive and participatory evening Aarti), Gaurishankar > Mahadev temple, Mahamrityunjaya Temple, Bilvkeshwar Mahadev Temple (and > make sure to explore the beautiful holy forest and sadhus’ caves back > behind it), > > Pawan Dham Temple, Doodhadhari Barfani Temple, Anjana Devi Temple, Sati > Kund Temple, Siddhpeeth Shri Dakshin Kali Temple, Anandamayi Ma’s > Mahasamadhi Temple (the holy tomb of a recent great female Saint), Shitala > Devi Temple, Radha-Krishna Temple, the recently built Shri Yantra Temple, > and countless more, seemingly everywhere you look. > > *And the temples of Haridwar are full of a real calmness and tranquility > that can be lacking in* some more hectic and over-busy temples in some > other cities. Yet they are not sparsely attended; far from it, in Mansa > Devi and Chandi Devi Temples I was pressed shoulder-to-shoulder in the > crowd. Yet somehow even then, especially at Chandi Devi, the spirit of > tranquility moved through the crowd like a soothing breath. And at Mansa > Devi Temple, after going through the innermost main circuit of the temple > in a crush of fervent devotees, I was able to find an empty corner (still > within the main temple building) to sit down undisturbed for as long as I > wanted and do my own puja. The devotional fervor of the crowds is palpable > and inspiring. > > *Most of the temples of Haridwar are located either right on the banks of > the Ganga or on top of forested hills overlooking the valley. The beauty of* > nature fills the city and has not been overly disturbed or destroyed. > Indeed the main “religion” of Haridwar often seems to be a beautiful and > inspiring Animism. The central spirituality of Haridwar is reverence of the > river Ganga. Her banks are lined with dozens of holy trees - Pipal, Neem, > Banyan, Bel - each and every one of which is adorned with red strings, has > old little shrines at their roots, and receives individual worship and > attention. > > *One of my favorite spots on Earth is near Shitala Ghat in Haridwar (down > in the Kankhal colony* suburb), where one can sit or wander in the shade > of a holy grove beside the Ganga for as long as one wishes, watching local > women come alone one by one to silently commune with the river, slowly, > reverently, taking their time, sometimes sitting in meditation for half an > hour or more. Everywhere are old little shrines that one may worship as one > feels inspired; here and there a cow wanders, intrepidly seeking food from > pious temple-goers. > > Q9 Did dogs exist before humanity? > > A9 Matt Riggsby, MA Archaeological Studies, Boston University > Feb 8 > > No. > > Up until around 30,000 years ago (plus or minus several thousand years), > *there > were various wolves*. Starting around that time, though, *separate > populations of wolves in Europe and Asia started hanging around human > encampments more and more often.* > > Over a very long time, the descendants of those wolves became more and > more friendly with humans and in doing so selected for a number of unusual > traits. *By around 15,000 years ago, they had become dogs.* > > Q10 What are the biggest misconceptions Indians have about USA? > > A10 Ratnakar Srivastava, Have stayed in US.3y > > Indians think that USA is some kind of fairyland perfect place. Few things > which I noticed are below > > *Visa problem is much bigger than what people* think before deciding to > go to the US. It will take away 15–20 years of your prime life where you > could have lived life to fullest. Visa plays a major role in all your life > decisions. There won't be a minute you can stop thinking of it. I will give > a few examples a) one guy who was having a very stable life in India and he > and his wife were working at a very good place in India. His wife couldn't > work till now after 3 years as company needs to sponsor his green card for > his wife to be eligible to work. He hasn't gone out 3 years from US as his > petition needs to renew. b) I asked one of my friends what he thinks of > buying a house and settling etc he said his green card will take another 10 > years post which he will think about the same. Also, it's very tough to > change jobs as transferring H1B is not easy. People have mentioned that you > should just enjoy life but it's practically not possible. > > *Poor public transport: I had this misconception that* transportation in > US will be perfect but I was shell shocked when in Houston I found out > there is no public transport.There were no trains, metro, bus nothing. In > the name of transport there was one bus which used to run once every hour..*I > mean really you expect everyone to have and drive a car.*I had to pay 20k > INR to uber in one day to roam around which was quite a shock. > > *Traffic: I used to think there will be no traffic* problem in the US but > it was there. Not much to scale of Bangalore but it was there. On bad > days you can be stuck for hours on freeways. > > 4. Misconception about the luxurious life > > You need to do each and everything by yourself. In India, you have help > for everything. Also, most of the Indians live below-average lifestyles to > save money so that they can justify their decision to come to the US. > > 5. Food > > Its very difficult to manage food as cooks are very expensive. *People > cook once a week or use processed food.* > > 6. Everything is big and far > > One thing you will notice is everything is big and far. In India, you can > find everything 10 minutes away from car service to hospital to school to > office. But in the US *you have designated zones for everything so you > need to travel a lot to find a specific thing.* > > 7. Very Very Costly > > Most of the Indians get twice the salary what they get in India but it's > five times more expensive. For example, 2 BHK on rent is approx 1800$ in > a far off locality. In India, you can get at 25k INR. *Food which you can > get in 500Rs will cost about 4k in the US.* > > 8. Robbery > > This one was new to me. Multiple flats were robbed where Indians were > staying as thieves knew that they keep gold. It's difficult to keep > security guards in apartments as it's a costly affair. > > 9. No people on the road, cars only > > No one walks on the road. Everyone drives. *Even to go to the opposite > side shop, People will drive*. This was also strange as to why no one > walks. > > 10. Parents will not like to stay > > Parents get confined to home due to multiple problems so they don't like > to stay in the US. > > 11. Gun violence > > It's quite usual that someone was shot around the corner so people need to > take the required precautions. > > 12. Hospitality > > In India, you are treated very respectfully while travelling. Someone will > pick your luggage etc. if you go to a hotel. It's not usual in US. It's > just another job. > > 13. Tips > > In India, you will tip if you like the service. *In US, it's a norm to > tip 15% otherwise people will be rude to you.* > > The only points people should consider are good are education, clean air, > and water which makes difference between US and India. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 13-02-2023* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 79 years, on 14-02-2023* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/750044005.787099.1676347562971%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/750044005.787099.1676347562971%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZopYb%3DXAzsUNo49_H7SH%2BkymDc9BxmZ2ZBSBHB62Bh%3Dqbw%40mail.gmail.com.
