Re: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 03-2023-04 -- that idiot again

'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty Fri, 10 Mar 2023 23:41:43 -0800

 Mr Rajaram,
Since a copy given to me - my only question- Have I ever addressed you as 
idiot? Can you quote any of my responses? Please use parliamentary words in 
your responses. Every  body in the group reading your words.They may laugh with 
in mid such usage by a former IRS officer. Nothing moreGopalakrishnan

On Friday, 10 March, 2023 at 11:15:38 pm IST, Rajaram Krishnamurthy
<keyarinc...@gmail.com> wrote:

OOPS not again from the idiot ,unsound mind, blind, senseless, raocus, stupid
kid Narayanaswamy why sami; he writes as a 5th standard boys do in schools; he
preaches he is something different; but in writing, worse than west-mambalam,
olden days gutter. A fool who writes must support with some scaffoldings; or
else, he will be misconstrued as an idiot only; he is finding fault with
Britannica the world famous, unlike QUORA which is errorsome only. What is the
use of defending another idiot?. One idiot will criticise the other and the
other will say yes sir yes sir 3 bags full. And then singapore idiot will speak
and criticise the authority not Rajaram. Brittanica says so. And he stretches
his foolishness as a laughable stock,WHEN TELLING B G IS A PURANAAM!!!!!!; He
will never quote where vedas or any other vedic texts say so, except KYV the
repetitive lines , which alone he knew; but will demand an answer as his
counterpart does, so that they will learn, and be silent; if they can deny
they shall deny with any resemblances of a substance. Why should I teach the
basic fools?. There are haughtiness in the society; but foolhardinesss iss in
those two. KR IRS 10323
On Thu, 9 Mar 2023 at 19:28, Narayanaswamy Iyer <iyern...@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear folks
"Pile lies on. lies and, hopefully, some fool might believe."
That succinctly summarises the efforts of villain K Rajaram IRS 9323 alias
Cockroachmoorthy (MD), mentally deficient, to impress the ignorant and the
incredulous.
(1) The cog was a boat design which is believed to have evolved from (or at
least have been influenced by) the longship and was in wide use by the 12th
century."
The total ignoramus does not know, and never knew, that the cog was a wheel or
bar with a series of projections on its edge, which transfers motion by
engaging with projections of another wheel or bar. Viking longships of old
which plied and ploughed the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic seas never ever
had cogs. Boats long ago and even now do not have cogs. They have smooth
hulls to glide through the water.
Even the quinqueremes of ancient Nineveh and the stately Spanish galleons of
yore (about which former English poet laureate John Masefield sang) had long
oars manned by shackled slaves. No cogs.
(2) Some scholars maintain that the name "America" comes from Richard Amerike,
a Bristol merchant and customs officer, who is claimed (on very slender
evidence) to have helped finance the Cabots' voyages.
Absolute arrant nonsense. "America" was named after the minor Portuguese
explorer Amerigo Vespucci, about which fact every schoolboy knows.
(3) It is a fallacy to say never set sail to west; the route every time due to
the ship pattern, men at the realm and weather did not allow them, to cognise.
West does not know about the west?
Further nonsense from a forked tongue and a solid clay head. "West", meaning
Europe, in fact knew nothing of the great Western Hemisphere lying far across
the Atlantic.
If today's continental Americans "never set sail to west", they will never
reach the Hawaiian Islands, Japan, China, New Zealand, Australia, the
Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka.
Ships from Europe in the past, especially from Portugal and from Spain, and
even from England, sailed the "Spanish Main", following the strong mid-Atlantic
Ocean currents, to reach Central and South America to terrorise the natives
there, to strip the plenteous gold and silver from their temples, palaces,
public buildings, to rob the people of their wealth accumulated over the
centuries.
And to rape the women and girls, to acquire incurable venereal diseases, and
infect their wives on their return home.
And to become addicted to tobacco-smoking with attendant cancer, which
pernicious and debilitating habit they also brought back to Europe.
(4) I was wondering what is Garum? it is not karam but Hindi Garum, selling
Garum chai in Rome.
Wonder no more, brainless twit groping in the dark!
There is a Sanskrit word "गरम्", which means poison. It can also mean an
antidote. Fermented fish paste, carelessly used, can kill.
(5) Dipping in the sauce of Thamaso guna, raising a version of vengeful animal
other than human. What is in a micro is in the macro. Ezhuthachan had written
about it; Tiruvalluar did it; and animal means only that quality. Even cows can
kill.
No. Cows do not kill. Incoherently blabbering Villain K Rajaram IRS 9323 says
so only because his whole being is suffused with thamo-gunam, for ever seeking
whom he can vilify.
He does not know that elephants have elephantine memory. They can accurately
remember, for example, a human who fed them a coconut half-shell with a thick
layer of chunnaambu inside, and so caused acute and insufferable pain in their
tender mouth parts. Years later, when the joker went near, the injured
pachyderm turned in him and trampled hum to death. This happened in a Kerala
village near mine.
(6) Vedas do say including the B G that DO NOT TEACH TO THOSE FOOLS THE
RAHASYAM OF VEDAS; NOT TO STREES AND SHUDRAS; AS SUCH NON-BELIEVER IS WORSE
THAN THE SHUDRA.
First, the bhagavath-geetha is puraanam, not vedam or smrithi. It was written
by a fallible human, a triple-adulterer born covertly on a riverine island of a
fishergirl who was seduced by an aged peripatetic ascetic who was a paraashara
or an illegitimate.
Second, exactly where do the r'g-vedam, the yajur-vedam and the saama-vedam
explicitly say not to teach vedic secrets to fools, women, and labourers?
Thirdly, should not blabbering Villain K Rajaram IRS 9323 be classified among
fools and labourers, and worse, as he never attended a single veda-class, never
saw the interior of a paata-shaala, never had a purohit or an aachaarya in his
totally wasted and abusive life? But is entirely self-taught in a crooked way?
S Narayanaswamy Iyer
On 9 Mar 2023, at 9:31 AM, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123
<iyer...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

Respected Mr Rajaram,
You have addressed many and I like to know whether any of them has
appreciated your responses blaming the persons who have answered. You know only
to find fault with others and compiler. Your nature cannot be changed
Gopalakrishnan

On Thursday, 9 March, 2023 at 05:52:46 am IST, Rajaram Krishnamurthy
<keyarinc...@gmail.com> wrote:

G Q &A repeat out of ignorance:

There is onething called VADHAM; a nervous disease. Inevitable and had
to undergo atreatment to set right. There is another“PIDIVADHAM junoon
adamantacity, UNCURABLE EXCEPT HARD HIT FEAR; so ignorable.There is another
called VIDHANDA VATHAM; that is what under the guise ofknowledge, asking the
western fools to dance and reproducing the darkness assense, thinking, who can
stop me. The last is the co-author to those fools. Hewill not change; but he
will have to learn, if he is sincere. If he does not learn,he shall remain a
theevira vadham a kind of literary terrorist. KR IRS 8323

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Q2 Whydidn't Europeans sail westward across the Atlantic before
Columbus supposedlyfirst did in 1492? Were ships not capable before then? Why?

A2 MatsAndersson, said some senseless thing. Overa period of
hundreds of years, seafarers from the age of the early explorers tothe time of
the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, shared many common experiences.Men working at
sea had much to endure; cut off from normal life on shore formonths, even
years, they had to accept cramped conditions, disease, poor foodand pay. Above
all, they faced the daily dangers of sea and weather. The cog wasa boat design
which is believed to have evolved from (or at least have beeninfluenced by) the
longship and was in wide use by the 12th century. It tooused the clinker method
of construction. Ships began to be built with straightstem posts and the rudder
was fixed to the stern post which made a boateasier to steer. To make ships
faster, more masts and sails were fitted.

“ Before Christopher Columbus reached mainlandAmerica, John
Cabot was employed by the English governmentto discover new lands. He first
sailed from Bristol in the "Matthew"in 1497. It is not clear where the small
fleet went but two likely locationsare NovaScotia or Newfoundland. They did not
find the passage to China for whichthey were looking. A second voyage was made
in 1498 but 4 of the 5 shipsvanished. Some scholars maintain that the name
"America" comesfrom Richard Amerike, a Bristol merchant and customsofficer, who
is claimed (on very slender evidence) to have helped finance theCabots' voyages.

An attempt was madeto find a north-east passage to China in 1553 which was
unsuccessful but led tothe formation of the MuscovyCompany. The Baltic was
explored in the 1570s and led to thesetting up of English bases in Hanse ports.

In 1578, Sir FrancisDrake, in the course of his circumnavigation of the
world,discovered Cape Horn at the tip of SouthAmerica. The sea between this and
Antarctica isnow known as Drake Passage.”

KR: Thus it is a fallacy to say neverset sail to west; the route
every time due to the ship pattern, men at therealm and weather did not allow
them, to cognise. West does not know about the west?

Q5 Whatwas the “garum” that the rich were crazy about in ancient Rome?

A5 MattRiggsby, as usual spun a yarn. Another literary value, I was
wondering what is Garum?it is not karam but Hindi Garum, selling Garum chai in
Rome; and about Sause etc. So far, I was thinking the co-author isonly lacking
Indian background on matter but did not think, lacked Indian condimentsalso,
being from Kerala. The term condiment comes from the Latincondimentum, meaning
"spice, seasoning, sauce" and from the Latincondire, meaning "preserve, pickle,
season".

Indianspices have a history which is more than 7000 years old. It
has always been aleading spice consuming, producing and exporting country of
the world andspices play a leading role in India’s national economy. Vasco Da
Gama landed inCalicut, India and this marked the beginning of the Portuguese
dominion of thespice trade. It helped them to expand commercially and
territorially as theywere in total control of the spice trade in the Malabar
Coast of India and madehuge profits from it. Many seafarers were lured to India
by the spice trade. Afterthe Portuguese rule, the Dutch and the English began
to gain control over thespice trade in India as they had a huge naval power.
During the Renaissanceperiod, India was the major supplier for most of the
countries in Europe. It is said that Greek merchantsthronged the markets of
India, long before the Christian era buying spices andother famous Indian
goods. A fortune was spent by Epicurean Rome onIndian spices and other
exclusive Indian commodities like silk, brocades,perfumes etc. Rome even fought
the Parthian wars in order to keep open thetrade route to India. Spices and
herbs such as black pepper, cinnamon,turmeric, and cardamom have been used by
Indians for thousands of years forboth culinary and health purposes. Spices
indigenous to India (such as cardamomand turmeric) were cultivated as early as
the 8th century BC in the gardens ofBabylon (2).

Sushruta,an ancient surgeon (around 4th century BC), used white
mustard and otheraromatic plants in bed sheets to ward off malignant spirits.
He also applied apoultice from sesame to postoperative wounds which may have
acted as anantiseptic. Medical writings of Charaka (1st century) and Sushruta
II (2ndcentury) referenced spices and herbs. Sushruta II also used spices and
herbssuch as cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, and pepper for healing
purposes.Spices such as cardamom, ginger, black pepper, cumin, and mustard seed
wereincluded in ancient herbal medicines for different types of health
benefits. InAyurvedic medicine, spices such as cloves and cardamom were wrapped
in betel-nutleaves and chewed after meals to increase the flow of saliva and
aid digestion.

KingMerodach-Baladan II (721-710 BC) of Babylonia grew 64 different
species ofplants in his royal garden. He kept records on how to cultivate many
spices andherbs such as cardamom, coriander, garlic, thyme, saffron, and
turmeric. Thereligion of Babylonia involved an ancient medical god of the moon,
whocontrolled medicinal plants. Potent parts of herbs were not allowed
sunexposure and were harvested by moonlight. Onions, garlic, and shallots
becamepopular condiments in Persia by the 6th century BC. Records from King
Cyrus(559-529 BC) noted a wholesale purchase of 395,000 bunches of garlic.
Persiansalso produced essential oils from roses, lilies, coriander, and saffron.

Instead,the precursor to our ketchup was a fermented fish sauce from
southern China. Asfar back as 300 B.C., texts began documenting the use of
fermented pastes madefrom fish entrails, meat by-products and soybeans. The
fish sauce, called“ge-thcup” or “koe-cheup” by speakers of the Southern Min
dialect, was easy tostore on long ocean voyages.

AncientGreeks imported Eastern spices (such as pepper, cassia,
cinnamon, and ginger)to the Mediterranean area. They also consumed many spices
produced in neighbouringcountries. Examples include caraway and poppy seeds for
bread, fennel forvinegar sauces, coriander as a condiment in food and wine, and
mint as a flavouringin meat sauces. Garlic was widely used by the country
people in much of theircooking. Ancient Greeks wore parsley and marjoram as a
crown at their feasts inan attempt to prevent drunkenness.

AND THEN ONLY ROMAN ENTER:The Romans were extravagant users of
spices and herbs. Spice-flavoredwines were used in ancient Rome and
spice-scented balms and oils were popularfor use after the bath. Since spices
were considered to have health properties,they were also used in poultices and
healing plasters. When the Roman Empireextended to the northern side of the
Alps, the Goths, Vandals, and Huns ofthose regions were introduced to pepper
and other spices from the East. Thesecultures were familiar with caraway,
onions, rosemary, and thyme and graduallybecame attracted to the Eastern
spices. (F. Rosengarten, Jr. 1969. The Book ofSpices, p. 23-96, Jove Publ.,
Inc., New York.)

Q6 Apartfrom humans, are there other animals that can be considered
vengeful?

A6 PamelaLonergan, blundered being a marketing streak. Vengeful is
Thamaso Guna; Trigunadaily I write; and the guna-karma-vibaga I thought is
changing but, dipping inthe sauce of Thamaso guna, raising a version of
vengeful animal other thanhuman. What is in a micro is in the macro.
Ezhuthachan had written about it; Tiruvalluardid it; and animal means only that
quality. Even cows can kill. Wastefulquestion.

Q9 Whathappens to our consciousness after we die? Does it simply
cease to exist, ordoes it continue on in some form?

A9 MatsAndersson, B. Sc, M. Sc from Uppsala University Sun the
Greco-romanio-blindfoldedthrough the co-author had said: From a strictly
scientific viewpoint, we don’tknow. There is certainly no verifiable,
repeatable evidence that theconsciousness continues to exist. Nor is there any
particular scientific reasonto believe it does. Then again, science does not
consider an absence ofevidence to be evidence of absence. ….. “near-death”
experience on theoperating table reports seeing them after waking up …… what
scienceterms anecdotal evidence – reports of observations in non-controlled
settings thatcannot …..But “all evidence is anecdotal” does not necessarily
mean that itisn’t true. “Just because you’re paranoid it doesn’t mean they’re
notout to get you, Scully.” My note- Justposted on academic interest-“

KR: What is academic in Matt? If he does notbelieve anything in
other than science, he ought not to have stopped with thelack of evidence is no
evidence and a full stop. If he believes in ADE, hebecomes a non-science
believer and ought to have entered that word; but like anAnglo-Indian, he was
neither there nor here. Rather as any western, he did notwant to go to the
eastern wings at all. That shows his magnum opus foolishness;lack of knowledge
is noknowledge. Co-author being east, ought to have questioned him, how doyou
say, but branded it as if a truth!!. And Vedas do say including the B Gthat DO
NOT TEACH TO THOSE FOOLS THE RAHASYAM OF VEDAS; NOT TO STREES ANDSHUDRAS; AS
SUCH NON-BELIEVER IS WORSE THAN THE SHUDRA. (DO NOT TEACH CONCEPTTO SOME, IS
NEVER INTENDED THAT WAY, MEANT, IN VEDAS- IS ANOTHER ARTICLE FROMME LATER BUT
THE WORDS AS INTERPRETED AS OF NOW, IS THAT ALONE AND MATT AND CO-AUTHORHAVE NO
DOUBT BELONGS STILL AT THEIR BOTTOM. What is the meaning of Academic?

Affirming onthe basis of science and denying and yet, non-conforming,
based as, pre-conclusion,of anecdotal evidence is also evidence?

First of all, English word CONSCIOUSNESS ISTOTALLY MISLEADING (NOT
TOLD BY ME) BUT BY ARAVINDER. To be conscious is beingaware; so British said
consciousness is awareness. Even by that base standard,when one is aware of the
own existence? After birth or in the womb? If self-recognitionis the awareness,
then will it apply to all species or only human. This willlead to many
misconceptions. One if it is to all, then, animals and plants shallhave the
self-realisation; If it is not, Darwin theory will go hay-wire. If awarenessis
only, one’s conception of knowing, is there not awareness, while you
aresleeping or unconscious? So, consciousness, whether will also die or where
itwill go etc, are senseless, thinking, UNAWARE OF what is that meant. So
firstunderstand and define what is your meaning for the consciousness.
According tothe Vedic concept, Santana dharma, ONLY THE BODY IS LEF TOFF HERE.
All others survive,in the form in which, it came in, while going out.
Brahadaranyaka Upanishad saysthat only in Poornamdha poornamidham…….

Q10 IsAmtrak the longest train you can get?

KR Question is amtrack train; answer is Track travelled. OKDo you know how much
time was taken to lay the rail track of Siberia to Moscow?Siberia cols is world
famous. Venkata Giri answered it rightly. And theco-author flicked. K Rajaram
IRS 9323

Quora website on 07-06-2023 Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .

On Wed, 8 Mar 2023 at 16:16, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123
<iyer...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

Thank you sir for reading the posting and RESPONDING WITH BRIEF ADDITION. I
like these brief additions and response is stored in archieve

On Thursday, 9 March, 2023 at 02:01:35 am IST, 'venkat giri' via iyer123
<iyer...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

Respected Sir/s,Q4 What improvements would you like to see in Indian Railways?

- Ticketless travelling is a major problem faced by the Indian Railways.
This causes losses for railways. Some passengers damage and steal railway
property. Unnecessary and frequent use of the emergency stopping option causes
damage to railway infrastructure.
- Railways lacks repair and maintenance of tracks and bridges. Indian
railways operates on different gauges and shift from one gauge to another is
a problem. Rail traffic has increased and the old and outdated tracks are not
able to carry the increased load and accidents are frequent.

Q7 What are Hydrogen trains announced by Indian Railways?
India's first hydrogen-powered train, will be
put into service on the Kalka-Shimla historic circuit by December 2023.
According to the Railways, the upcoming hydrogen-powered trains will be called
'VANDE METRO'.
Indian Railways has
envisaged to run 35 Hydrogen trains under “Hydrogen for Heritage” at an
estimated cost of ₹ 80 crores per train and ground infrastructure of ₹ 70
crores per route on various heritage/hill routes.
The plan is to run these trains
on historic narrow-gauge routes like the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the
Nilgiri Mountain Railway, Matheran Hill Railway, Kangra Valley, Bilmora Waghai
and the Marwar-Devgarh Madriya route.This train can run 1000 km at a speed of
140kmph at one go.
The hydrogen-powered
train will be designed and manufactured locally. It will use hydrogen fuel
cells (which emits no carbon dioxide.) which combine hydrogen and oxygen to
generate electric. The byproduct of this reaction is pure water, making it
highly eco-friendly. However, the operating
cost of hydrogen fuel cells is said to be 27% higher than that of a diesel
engine. Storing hydrogen is also a challenge due to its highly combustible
nature.
As a pilot project, the railways is manufacturing a prototype of hydrogen
fuel-based train at the Northern Railway workshop. It would be test-run on the
Sonipat-Jind section in Haryana. In September 2018, the world's first
commercial hydrogen-powered passenger train entered service in Lower Saxony,
Germany.

Q10 Is Amtrak the longest train you can get?
- A Swiss rail operator has broken the record for the longest passenger
train ,made up of 100 coaches at Preda station on the UNESCO World Heritage
Albula Line, in Eastern Switzerland. The train measured 1.9 kilometres in
length and weighed in at 2,990 tonnes,which traversed along a steep and winding
25km journey through spectacular Alpine landscapes. It was built to
commemorate 125years of Train Travel in Switzerland.Seven drivers operated the
longest passenger train, precisely coordinating acceleration and braking as the
train wound down a route with a vertical drop of almost 800 metres; to get it
through 22 tunnels and across 48 bridges in the Swiss Alps.

- India's Dibrugarh - Kanyakumari Vivek Express is the LONGEST TRAIN

connecting Dibrugarh in Assam, North-East India to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
which is the southernmost tip of Indian mainland. It covers a total of 4234 km
from Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari. It takes 79 hours to cover this distance with 57
intermediate stoppages.

- The longest train in the USA is Amtrak's Texas Eagle between Chicago and
Los Angeles via San Antonio, a distance of 4,390 kilometers.
-------RegardsV.SridharanTrichy
On Wednesday, 8 March, 2023 at 07:16:46 pm IST, 'gopala krishnan' via
iyer123 <iyer...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

CULTURAL QA 03-2023-04

Q1 Can a live wire fall off the top of atelephone or utility pole and
still be dangerous?

A1 Gopala Krishnan, Former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at
Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now

Yes is my answer.In Chennai, India 99% of overhead wires are replaced with
cable now. In veryfew places rarely one can see overhead wires. But this was
not the case in 1960’sto 2005. Where theelectric service wires were fried, PVC
pipes were provided on open wires.

The telephone field staff were provided with phase testerand gloves while
working on telecom line standing on bamboo ladder which alsoserved as good
insulator. Still electrocution was notrare, though not fatal. This is from my
experience in working Indian telecomdepartment for 37 years till 2004 end.

Q2 Why didn't Europeans sail westwardacross the Atlantic before
Columbus supposedly first did in 1492? Were shipsnot capable before then? Why?

A2 Mats Andersson, Visited 24 Europeancountries Sun

The ships weren’t actually capable in 1492.Notfor the anticipated length of the
journey. The distance from Spain to Chinagoing west was known with some
accuracy, and Columbus had an absolutely insane stroke of luck whenthere was a
continent in the way where he could resupply. Forcrossing the Atlantic, though,
absolutely – they manifestly did.

It’s a lot easier if you go up north, like the Vikingsdid 500 years before
Columbus. The distanceacross the Atlantic is much shorter, and there are
islands at more reasonableintervals.

More to thepoint, in Columbus’ age they had something they hadn’t had before:
compasseshad reached Europe by circa 1300, and by the timeof Columbus they had
perfected the art of going far beyond the sight of landand returning safely.

Q3 How can you troubleshoot airconditioner problems?

A3 Gopala Krishnan, Former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at
Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now

Small problems and solutions can be done referring totrouble shoot told in the
company booklet. Other than these must be attended to by company
engineer/technician only.It is dangerous others handling it, irrespective of
they may be civil,electrical or mechanical engineers. Especially by retired
engineers.

Q4 What improvements would you like tosee in Indian Railways?

A4 Dev, Government Servant at CentralGovernment Fri

Being a frequenttraveler on trains, I think I'm eligible to some extent to
answer thisquestion. Here are a couple of things Indian railways can work on.

Improve the condition of washrooms- yes! Exactly,I see more often than not, the
washroom clogged to the hilt and the washroomfloor is no less like a mini pool
even in trains like Rajdhani and Duranto.

Unwanted passengers- just a few weeks back I wastraveling in Telangana express
AC-3 tier. At Nagpur railway station, a few tensof people hopped in outrightly
choking the entrance and exit of the coaches. They were irresistible eventhough
some people complained to the authorities about them.

Catering facilities- with pantry cars being obsolete,and civil vendors taking
over the food supply chains across train fleets,somewhere the quality is being
compromised. It can get better.

Ticket booking system- I can't get my head aroundthe ticket booking systems in
vogue nowadays. We've to be in everlasting fearof not getting a confirmed
ticket even if we book it three weeks earlier.

A facility oralgorithm should be devised so that couples don't get their seats
in differentcoaches.

PS:Gallery

I always have toswitch my lower birth for some middle one in a different coach
because a couplehas to be together.

My note- It is a fact not having adequate seats inunreserved compartments,
passengers with/without tickets getting in to reservedcompartment. While Ticket
checking staff arrive, if some bodycomplains, he asks them to move out, they
move a little near toilets, once the TTE goes, again they willcrow towards
reserved seats. In North India, condition is reported worse.

Q5 What was the garum that the rich werecrazy about in ancient Rome?

A5 Matt Riggsby, MA ArchaeologicalStudies, Boston University23h

It wasn’t just the rich. It was everybody, though “crazyabout” is something of
an exaggeration. Everybody used itbecause it was the standard condiment, like
ketchup or salsa might be regardedtoday. Are we crazyabout ketchup, or do we
just use it habitually?

Anyway, it’s what we call fish sauce today.It went out of fashion in the west
with the collapse of the Roman empire, butit’s alive and well in East Asian
cuisine.

Indeed, it’s probably about as central to thecuisine of Southeast Asia today
as it was in the ancient Mediterranean. You canfind it in well-stocked grocery
stores, possibly under an Asian name like nampla. While their early histories
are far from clear, chemical analysis suggeststhat modern Asian fish sauces
probably tasted a lot like ancient Roman fishsauces.

That said, producing fish sauce is something mostwesterners would find
appalling, because it’s an extractmade from fermented fish. You get a bunch of
seafood (often anchovies, butother fish can be used), clean and gut them, pack
them in salt, and let thecontainers sit in the sun and ferment for a while,
then filter out the liquidthat produces. But whatever its origins, the salty,
pungent substance, full ofglutemates, provides a huge amount of flavor.

Q6 Apart from humans, are there otheranimals that can be considered
vengeful?

A6 Pamela Lonergan, Marketing Executive(2017–present) Updated 2y

This guy.

He may look like a cow, made in your worst nightmare

He isn't called theWidowmaker for nothing. Hekills an average of 200 people per
year, much more than lions. The Cape buffalo (and his other buffalo relatives)
are regarded asextremely dangerous. Therehave been several cases of hunters
wounding a buffalo and the buffalo willstalk and kill the hunters. The heavy
horn on their head is made up ofthick keratin, effectively making it
bulletproof.

A wounded, but still mobile buffalo, will head into thickbush and woe betide
that naive hunter who will follow him into that bush. Thebuffalo will ambush
the hunter inside the thick bush and show him he isn'tcalled a widowmaker for
nothing.

The last faceyou'll ever see

Aside humans, the only animal likely to attack a buffaloare lions and
crocodiles, usually with the lions eatingthe dust in such encounters. Smart
lions and crocs go for weak buffalo andcalves.

Unlike most preyanimals, buffalo will attack sleeping lions as a group and
attempt to tramplethem to death. They will also come to the aid of
threatened(or caught) family member and often succeed in driving the predators
away.

Let me add a fewmore facts about the African Buffalo

African buffalo can run at speeds of up to 57kilometers (35 miles) per hour.
The world's fastest man runs at a miserly 27miles per hour. Good luck running
away from a buffalo on a revenge mission.Unless you're The Flash, and you're
not being chased by a herd ofsuper-buffalo.

After resting, herds of buffalo seem to have a uniquesystem of choosing in
which direction to move. They vote. The animals stand upand facethe direction
where they want to move and the dominant female leads them in thedirection
where most of the animals are facing. So you've pissed off a herd ofdemocratic
animals.

Q7 What are Hydrogen trains announced byIndian Railways?

A7 Trainman,A train ticket booking app8h

Recently, RailwaysMinister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that India will have its
first indigenouslydesigned and manufactured hydrogentrain by December 2023 on
the Kalka-Shimla historic circuit.

Althoughhydrogen-powered train technology is still in its early stages, with
only a fewcountries using it on a limited basis, India's early adoption is
regarded as asignificant step towards green initiatives.

The upcoming hydrogen-powered trains are a part of theVande Metro project. It
will initially run on historic,narrow-gauge routes including the Darjeeling
Himalayan Railway, the NilgiriMountain Railway, the Kalka Shimla Railway, the
Matheran Hill Railway, theKangra Valley, the Bilimora Waghai, and the
Marwar-Devgarh Madriya, which willmake travel more environmentally friendly.

What are hydrogen trains?

Hydrogen trains are those that use hydrogen fuel cellsrather than traditional
diesel engines.

In thistechnology, hydrogen acts as the fuel in the cell with the addition of
oxygen,generating electrical energy with water being the only by-product.
Replacing onediesel train with a hydrogen train can reduce the CO2 emission by
4,400 tonnesevery year.

With projects likeVande Bharat, Vande Metro, the Rapid Rail Transit System, and
the Bullet Train,it is clear that the Indian Railways is heading in the right
and brightdirection.

You can enjoy thisrevolutionary change while travelling on existing Vande
Bharat trains withTrainman. Use the code "VB200" while signing up with
Trainman, andget ₹200in your wallet, which can be used for booking train
tickets at the best prices.

"Trainmanwishes you and your family success, happiness, and prosperity this
Holi andalways! Have a colourfuland joyous Holi!"

Q8 Could a chimpanzee ever be consideredhuman from an evolutionary
standpoint?

A8 Claire Jordan,Degree in biology andfolklore; programmer, shop
owner, secretary on newspaper Fri

There are some biologists who believe that chimps andbonobos should be classed
as members of genus Homo, yes.

Personally I thinkthat’s pushing it. Althoughwe are closely related to them we
can’t interbreed, and the musculo-skeletalchanges which make humans efficient
upright bipeds are surely great enough toqualify us as a separate genus…..

But the changes to our spine, pelvis and lower limbswhich enable us to sprint
while upright, where other apes can only toddle ontwo legs, are pretty
significant.]

Q9 What happens to our consciousnessafter we die? Does it simply
cease to exist, or does it continue on in someform?

A9 Mats Andersson, B. Sc, M. Sc fromUppsala University Sun

>From a strictlyscientific viewpoint, we don’t know. There is certainly
>noverifiable, repeatable evidence that the consciousness continues to exist.
>Noris there any particular scientific reason to believe it does. Then again,
>science does not consider an absence of evidence to beevidence of absence.Nor
>is it something that there’s a simple experiment to prove ordisprove; there’s
>not one ethics committee in the world that would approve ofan experiment on
>dying people, or of an experiment that intentionally almostkilled people.

This being said, there is one experiment going on thatmight shed light on it:
some surgery wards have placedbig signs on equipment that are only visible from
above, to see whether anyonehaving a “near-death” experience on the operating
table reports seeing themafter waking up –people are occasionally reporting
“floating” above the surgery taking place,and accurately reporting some events,
but that only proves that their brainswere still registering sensory
impressions. The key is that thesigns could only be seen if the consciousness
actually left the body. So far,no results; near-death experiences are not all
that common on the operatingtable (and when they do happen, you’d assume that
the consciousness would berather more interested in what happens to the body it
just left).

However, there is a huge amount of what science termsanecdotal evidence –
reports of observations in non-controlled settingsthat cannot (or sometimes
should not) be repeated. The problem with this isthat if you, e.g., think of a
deceased relative, your brain might trick youinto believing you see them. Ask
any hunter; they are likely to have seen, veryclearly, animals that turned out
to be the play of shadow on leaves, becausethey expected to see the animal.
Near-death experiences might be triggered bystrictly biological processes. And
so on; there is no anecdotal evidence thatcan’t be explained in some other way,
which is precisely the problem withanecdotal evidence. (And sometimes, once you
look into it, the simplest or evenobvious explanation is “you made that up”,
which is the biggest reason whyanecdotal evidence has a bad reputation in
science. No one enjoys performing athorough investigation only to find someone
had made it all up for theattention or for the money.)

But “all evidence is anecdotal” does not necessarily meanthat it isn’t true.
“Just because you’re paranoid itdoesn’t mean they’re not out to get you,
Scully.”

You can make up your own mind about this. You can chooseto believe that all the
anecdotal evidence is actually based on something real.Youcan choose to believe
it is only based on delusions, tricks of the light,confirmation bias and
outright wishful thinking.

Only one thingis certain: if our consciousness continues to exist after we die,
we’ll all getto know, eventually.

My note- Just posted on academic interest-

Q10 Is Amtrak the longest train you canget?

A10 Nicholas Stone, Life long interest intrains.15h

Currently, the world longest single continuous trainjourney with no changes is
the daily service from Moscow Yaroslavsky toVladivostok.

The train journey is 167 hours long, covering adistance of 9,289 km and crosses
8 time zones. During the journey, there arefrequents stop at stations for
passengers to board and alight - as well as forcrew changes, waste removal and
to take on new supplies. The train is hauled byelectric locomotives throughout,
so there is no refuelling.

I’ve taken this train service. Along the way, I visitedUlan Ude, Irkutsk and
Yekaterinburg. In each case, I stayed for 2 or 3 nightsbefore boarding a later
train.

Until service suspension in February 2020, the direct trainfrom Moscow to
Pyongyang was even longer - at 10,263 km.

All the above QA are from Quora website on 07-06-2023

Quora answers need not be100% correct answers .

Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan,79, former ITS on 08-03-2023

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Re: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 03-2023-04 -- that idiot again

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