CULTURAL QA 04-2023-26 by G and fallacy pointed out by KR 23423
Q2 What is the history of Tamil Nadu? Was it ever independent? If
so, what were its boundaries?
KR: What is the purpose of the Q and the answer given by 9-year-old
resident in some territory talking about the history of Tamandu? 300 BCE
is one part of history only. Was there not History of Tamandu before 300
BCE? The region of Tamandu in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence
of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE
{artifacts excavated from Chennai kept in the museum}. Pandian dynasty is
read in Mahabhartham war and in Tiruvilayadal Puranam, which falls at least
5000 years back. Invasion by the Kalppirars during the 3rd century
disturbed the traditional order of the land, displacing the three ruling
kingdoms. These occupiers were overthrown by the resurgence of the Pandiyas
and the Pallavas, who restored the traditional kingdoms. That means
KALAPPIRAS are only existed around BCE 300. Pallavas were not Tamilians.
Madurai was ruled by Nayakas who were Telegu speaking tribe. the decline of
the three ancient dynasties during the 14th century. Despite this,
the Vijayanagara empire (Telegu speaking) gained a foothold in the region
from the late 14th century until the 16th century. In the 17th and 18th
centuries, the Maratha Empire <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire> (
not Tamil) expanded its territories into the northern regions of
present-day Tamil Nadu. Please do not write without knowing completely
xxxxx
9- Lions are the only cat breed that lives social life {KR what is under
TTK aluminium)
xxxxxxxx
Q4 What are some mind-blowing facts about lions?
KR: Mind blowing must be real; not 8 miles heard etc. Rig vedam said that
mind blowing fact you wrote about. Rig Veda 1.64.8
सिंहा इव नानदति प्रचेतसः पिशा इव सुपिशो विश्ववेदसः । क्षपो जिन्वन्तः
पृषतीभिॠष्टिभिः समित्सबाधः शवसाहिमन्यवः ॥
siṃhā iva nānadati pracetasaḥ piśā iva supiśo viśvavedasaḥ | kṣapo
jinvantaḥ pṛṣatībhir ṛṣṭibhiḥ sam it sabādhaḥ śavasāhimanyavaḥ ||
“The most wise Maruts <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maruts#hinduism>
roar like lions; the all-knowing are graceful as the spotted deer,
destroyign (their foes), delighting (their worshippers); of deadly strength
in their anger, they come with their antelopes and their arms, (to defend
the sacrificer) against interruption.”
Siṃha (सिंह) denotes the ‘lion’ in the Rigveda and later. The roaring (*nad*)
of the lion is often alluded to, and is called thundering (*stanatha*). He
wanders about (*kucara*) and lives in the hills (giri-ṣṭha),6 and is
clearly the ‘dread wild beast that slays’ (*mṛgo bhītna upahatnuḥ*) to
which Rudra is compared. When Agni, who has entered the waters, is compared
to a lion, the reference may be to the lion’s habit of springing on animals
at drinking places.
The lioness (*siṃhī*) was also famous for her courage: the aid given by
Indra to Sudās against the vast host of his enemies is compared to the
defeat of a lioness by a ram (*petva*). The gaping jaws of the lioness when
attacking men are alluded to in the *Aitareya-brāhmaṇa*. The lioness is
also mentioned in the *Yajurveda-saṃhitās* and the Brāhmaṇas. See also
*Halīkṣṇa*.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Q8 What are some amazing facts about 'Newspapers' in India?
KR: The Bombay Samachar, now Mumbai Samachar, is the oldest and still
existing newspaper in India. The Hindu' was founded in the year 1878
by G. Subramania Iyer in Madas.
My note- Good information. About Bengal Gazette I studied in middle school.
KR: You studies this in school? which class and curriculam sir? {fact: The
newspaper in India was first published on 29th January 1780 by James
Augustus Hicky under the British Raj. Its name was “the Bengal Gazette” or
Calcutta General Advertiser, generally known as the “Hicky's Gazette”. The
period was portrayed by strict government control and restriction.}
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Q9 Why is Goddess Kali called Kali?
KR: According to the Shumbha-Nishumbha
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbha_and_Nisumbha> story of Devi Mahatmya
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi_Mahatmya>, Matrikas appear as Shaktis
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakti> from the bodies of the gods –
Brahma, Shiva, Skanda, Vishnu, Indra having the form of each, approached
Chandika <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandi> (identified with Devi) with
whatever form, ornaments and vehicle the god possessed. In that form, they
slaughter the demon army. Thus, the Matrikas are goddesses of the
battlefield. They are described as assistants of Durga having sinister as
well as propitious characteristics]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrikas#cite_note-W72-42> After the battle,
the Matrikas dance drunk with their victim's blood. This description is
repeated with little variation in Devi Bhagavata Purana and Vamana Purana.
The Devi-Bhagavata Purana
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi-Bhagavata_Purana> mentions three other
goddesses, Shaktis of other gods' in addition to the Saptamatrika, making a
group of 10 Matrikas. According to latter episode of Devi Mahatmya, Durga
created Matrikas from herself and with their help slaughtered the demon
army. In this version, Kali <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali> is
described as a Matrika, who sucked all the blood of demon Raktabija
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raktabija>. Kali is given the epithet
Chamunda <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamunda> in the text. When demon
Shumbha challenges Durga to a single combat, she absorbs the Matrikas in
herself and says that they are her different forms.[
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrikas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinsley1998158,_Devi_Mahatmya_verses_10.2%E2%80%935-52>
In the Vamana Purana too, the Matrikas arise from different parts of Devi
and not from male gods although they are described and named after the male
deities. Kālī (काली) is another name for Śivā
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#purana>: the
Goddess-counterpart of Śiva who incarnated first as Satī
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sati#purana> and then Pārvatī
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/parvati#purana>, according to
the Śivapurāṇa
2.1.16
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/shiva-purana-english/d/doc225984.html>.
Kālī (काली, “blackness, night”):—Name of one of the sixty-four *mātṛs *to
be worshipped during Āvaraṇapūjā (“Worship of the Circuit of Goddesses”, or
“Durgā’s Retinue”), according to the Durgāpūjātattva. She represents the
power of time. She is the also the embodiment of all fear, while she
herself is beyond fear and protects those from fear who invoke her. In
Hindu iconology, she represents the supreme night, which devours all that
exists. She is depicted as a fearful goddess with four arms, standing over
the corpse of Śiva. The ten Mahāvidyās are the emanations of Mahākālī, the
Goddess of time and death. *Etymology:*
1) Kālī is the feminine form of kālam ("black, dark coloured").
2) Kāla primarily means "time" but also means "black" in honor of being the
first creation before light itself. Kālī means "the black one" and refers
to her being the entity of "time" or "beyond time."
3) Kāli is strongly associated with Shiva, and Shaivas derive the masculine
Kāla (an epithet of Shiva) to come from her feminine name. A
nineteenth-century Sanskrit dictionary, the Shabdakalpadrum, states: कालः
शिवः। तस्य पत्नीति - काली। kālaḥ śivaḥ। tasya patnīti kālī - "Shiva is
Kāla, thus, his consort is Kāli" referring to Devi Parvathi being a
manifestation of Devi MahaKali.
4) Other names include Kālarātri ("black night"), as described above, and
Kālikā ("relating to time"). Coburn notes that the name Kālī can be used as
a proper name, or as a description of color.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrikas#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinsley1998158,_verses_30.3%E2%80%939-53>
Q10 Which people are descendants of the Huns?
KR: I wrote only on 18/4/23 about this including the cause of china
wall and excavations; on 23rd it is nonchalantly written again as if………
(reference 18/4/23: “‘Xiongnu’ was the name of a dynasty not a people, per
se; but that dynastic regime greatly impacted the peoples within its realms
and left a powerful legacy in Eurasia,” he said via email.
“Many subsequent groups appropriated the potent name of Xiongnu (or Hunnu)
as they established their own regimes, leading to the perpetuation of
so-called ‘Hunnic’ entities even as far as that of Attila and the Huns at
the edge of Europe centuries after the demise of the Xiongnu in Inner Asia.
“And it was this potent legacy…that the Mongols took up when they created
their own empire many more centuries later.”) kR IRS 23423
On Sat, 22 Apr 2023 at 18:57, 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty <
[email protected]> wrote:
> *CULTURAL QA 04-2023-26*
>
> Q1 Can using synthetic oil after using conventional oil damage a
> car engine?
>
> A1 Erika Fernandez, Car Lover Mar 14
>
> *The short answer is no, using synthetic oil after using conventional oil
> will not damage a car engine*. In fact, it is quite common for car owners
> to switch from conventional to synthetic oil without any issues.
>
> Synthetic oil is a type of motor oil that is formulated to provide
> superior lubrication and protection compared to conventional oil. It is
> made from a combination of specially designed chemicals and additives that
> offer a wide range of benefits, including better engine performance,
> improved fuel efficiency, and increased longevity of engine components.
>
> *On the other hand, conventional oil is made from crude oil and contains
> impurities that can cause engine deposits, sludge buildup, and premature
> wear and tear*. While it is still a viable option for older vehicles,
> modern engines are designed to work best with synthetic oil.
>
> When switching from conventional oil to synthetic oil, the most important
> thing to consider is the type of oil filter used. Synthetic oil has
> smaller molecules compared to conventional oil, which can cause it to flow
> more freely and potentially expose any accumulated dirt and debris in the
> engine. Therefore, it is recommended to use a high-quality oil filter
> that can effectively capture and remove any contaminants.
>
> Another thing to consider when switching to *synthetic oil is that it may
> cause some leaks in older engines*. This is because synthetic oil has a
> different consistency and may flow differently through the engine
> components compared to conventional oil. However, this is usually a
> temporary issue that can be resolved by replacing any worn out seals or
> gaskets.
>
> So to summarize the answer, using synthetic oil after using conventional
> oil will not damage a car engine. In fact, it can provide several benefits
> and improve engine performance. The most important things to consider when
> making the switch are the type of oil filter used and the potential for
> temporary leaks in older engines.
>
> Q2 What is the history of Tamil Nadu? Was it ever independent? If
> so, what were its boundaries?
>
> A2 Ravi Chandran, Lives in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
> (2013–present)4h
>
> The history of Tamil Nadu was very much independent from 300 BC -1300 CE
> under cheras, cholas, Pandyas, Pallavas and Kalabhras.
>
> *This 1600 year long independent history is the longest for any Indian
> ethnic community*. There were several invasions from Karnataka, one from
> Guptas and another one from Kalinga. They were short lived and this country
> quickly recovered from the shocks. Tamils also made invasions in all the
> southern states, Kalinga and Bengal. Were successful in Srilanka and south
> east Asia under Pallavas and Cholas.
>
> *This long rule was ended by Malikkafur the powerful Khalji General.* He
> was a Hindu convert who never tasted defeat. The Tamil rule which ended
> because of his attacks ceased to exist as an independent kingdom afterwards.
>
> With the exception of Kalabhras all the other Tamil kingdoms have invaded
> outside Tamizhagam.
>
> Peak of cheras,Peak of cholas,Peak of Pandyas:
>
> Peak of pallavas:
>
> Kalabhras were confined to Tamizhagam.
>
> As per ancient Tamil literature the boundaries of Tamizhagam were
>
> North Tirupathi,South Kanyakumari,west Arabian Sea,East Bay of Bengal.*This
> apparently includes Kerala also.*
>
> Q3 Which pressure cooker is better, steel or aluminum?
>
> A3 TTK Prestige, appliances and tools can make meal-planning and
> cooking much Nov 11
>
> Pressure cookers are known to be one of the most versatile cooking vessels
> you can add to your kitchen. They are known to quicken the process of
> cooking, making it easier to prepare your favourite dishes!
>
> *Steel Pressure Cookers Vs. Aluminum Pressure Cookers*
>
> If you are looking to buy either a Steel or Aluminum pressure cooker, here
> are some points that can help your purchase decision:
>
> *Convenience: Aluminum is lighter and easier to* move around the kitchen.
> Steel is heavier as a material and is, therefore stronger, durable, and
> more long-lasting. Both these materials are easy to clean, easy to maintain
> and they are also scratch-resistant. For a no-mess cooking experience,
> Prestige’s innovative Svachh range of Pressure Cookers are a must have.
>
> Cooking Process: Because of its composition, Aluminum heats faster, and
> therefore needs less time and cooking gas. But both Steel and Aluminum
> pressure cookers allow heat to be distributed evenly, making cooking
> certain dishes quicker and more convenient.
>
> Health & Safety: The Prestige range of Steel and Aluminum pressure
> cookers are both healthy and safe to cook in as they come equipped with
> expanding rubber gaskets that prevent unlocking or removing the lid when
> contents are under pressure and the pressure regulators ensure the pressure
> doesn't get too high.
>
> *9- Lions are the only cat breed that lives social life*
>
> Price: Both pressure cooker ranges are also priced nearly the same as
> they come with similar features and benefits.
>
> Which one is right for you?
>
> The purchase of either pressure cooker is based on personal preference,
> budget, and range.
>
> If you are a beginner in the kitchen, a steel pressure cooker will allow
> you more time to multi-task as it takes longer to heat up. Because of the
> cooking time, you can take more precautions against the food burning in the
> pressure cooker.
>
> An aluminum pressure cooker offers a little added advantage in the lesser
> time it takes to heat and therefore cooks the food faster. Due to this,
> special care needs to be taken so that it does not burn the food if left
> over an extended period of time.
>
> Prestige offers one of the widest ranges of pressure cookers online and in
> stores. Here, you can choose a pressure cooker based on your individual
> preferences and unique priorities in the kitchen. Because of Prestige’s
> extensive versatility and constant innovation to create the best products,
> you will be able to find the best pressure cooker that perfectly meets the
> needs of you and your family.
>
> *My note- Comparatively Hindalium/Aluminum cookers are more convenient ,
> either prestige or Hawkins. **The reason for introducing stainless steel
> is still not clear, It may shine a bit more**. Not recommending prestige
> products but for information the QA is selected.*
>
> Q4 What are some mind blowing facts about lions?
>
> A4 أبو مراد ,MD at Self Owned Business (2017–present)17h
>
> *1- Lions Roar can be heard from 8km distance, it reaches 114 deciple*
>
> 2- Lions are called Kings of the Jungles.. but they don’t live in
> jungles..rather in savanna fields
>
> 3- Lions are nocturnal animals, they hunt at night
>
> 4- Male lions rarely hunts, lionesses put food on the table
>
> *5- Male lions often kill cubs if not own offspring to get the female into
> season, after killing them; they devour them*
>
> 6- Lions are not the largest; neither strongest cats, that position is
> held by *Siberian Tiger, which in turn losing it to Bengal tiger soon*
>
> 7- Lions don’t have the fiercest bite power among cats, that honor belongs
> to the Jaguar
>
> 8- Male lions spend 21 hours a day sleeping and snoozing
>
> Q5 After how long should the gas in a 1-ton AC be refilled?
>
> A5 Sage AI botBeta, An AI bot writing helpful answers
>
> *The frequency at which the gas in a 1-ton air conditioning unit should be
> refilled can vary depending on a number of factors, such as the type of
> unit, usage, and maintenance*. It's best to consult the manufacturer's
> recommendations for your specific unit, or consult a licensed HVAC
> professional for more information. They will be able to provide you with a
> more accurate estimate based on the specific unit you have and the
> conditions under which it is being used.
>
> Q6 What is the difference between a cooler and an air conditioner?
>
> A6 Offer Deals24/7,Helpful 5h
>
> Differences between air conditioners and cooler
>
> Energy Efficiency: Air conditioners are generally less energy-efficient
> than coolers. *Air conditioners consume more electricity because they use
> compressors and refrigerants to cool the air*.
>
> In contrast, *coolers use a simple motor to blow air over a wet surface.
> However, this efficiency also depends on the climate in which you are
> living*.
>
> In a hot and dry climate, a cooler can be more energy-efficient as it
> cools the air by evaporating water. But in a humid climate, an air
> conditioner is more energy-efficient as it not only cools the air but also
> dehumidifies it.
>
> *Cooling Capacity: **Air conditioners are more* effective in cooling
> large spaces as they have a higher cooling capacity than coolers. Air
> conditioners can quickly lower the temperature of a room to the desired
> level, whereas coolers take longer to cool the air as they rely on water
> evaporation.
>
> *Maintenance: Air conditioners require more maintenance than coolers. The
> refrigerant in an air* conditioner needs to be refilled periodically, and
> the air filters need to be cleaned regularly. On the other hand, *coolers
> only require the water pad or sponge to be changed periodically.*
>
> Cost: Air conditioners are more expensive than coolers. The initial cost
> of an air conditioner is higher, and they also cost more to operate. In
> contrast, coolers are relatively cheaper and require less electricity to
> run.
>
> *Noise Level: Air conditioners are generally noisier* than coolers. The
> compressor and fans in an air conditioner generate more noise than a simple
> motor used in coolers.
>
> In conclusion, both air conditioners and coolers have their own advantages
> and disadvantages. The choice between the two depends on your needs,
> budget, and the climate you are living in. If you live in a dry climate and
> want an affordable and energy-efficient cooling solution, a cooler can be a
> good option. If you live in a humid climate and want a quick and efficient
> cooling solution, an air conditioner is a better choice.
>
> *My note- Air filtering is an important one. Coolers* do not filter air,
> but blow cool air. But cost difference is high.
>
> Q7 What is the difference between a cart horse and a shire horse?
>
> A7 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper8h
>
> Well, they’re both working draught horses. *But a Shire horse is a
> specific breed, very tall and strong. In the past they were mainly used for
> ploughing,* and now to pull ceremonial brewers’ drays, take part in
> parades etc, and occasionally even for tall, heavy humans to ride.
>
> They come in shades of black, bay, grey or roan, usually with a lot of
> white on the legs and face and sometimes the belly, and they have large,
> plate-like hooves with a lot of feathering.
>
> *A cart-horse is any horse used for pulling carts. It could be a specific
> breed, or no breed*. It will usually be about the same size as a regular
> riding horse but a bit chunkier, and can be any colour. “Cart horse” is
> traditionally used to mean a horse or a human of a rather burly, physically
> coarse type.
>
> My note- I enjoyed the last line.
>
> Q8 What are some amazing facts about 'Newspapers' in India?
>
> A8 Krishna Kamat, Lives in Hindustan (2000–present)Apr 10
>
> *India and Asia’s first printed newspaper was the English weekly (Hicky’s
> Bengal Gazette)*
>
> Udant Martand is the first Hindi language newspaper published in India.
>
> James Augustus Hickey is considered as the father of Indian press.
>
> India now has the world's largest number of paid newspapers.
>
> My note- Good information. About Bengal Gazette I studied in middle school.
>
> Q9 Why is Goddess Kali called Kali?
>
> A9 KESHAV KR M; Sri Adishakti Durga Dasa, Degree in General
> Knowledge & Travel and Tourism17h
>
> *Kali' is derived from the word 'Kala' which means both darkness and time*.
> It is believed that Goddess Kali represents the force of time, carrying
> both destruction and creation of life and the universe.
>
> She is the supreme divine mother ultimate reality!
>
> Jai Maa Kali
>
> Jai Maa Adyashakti Durga Jagat Janani Jagadambika Parmeshwari, Glory to
> the supreme divine mother ultimate reality para brahman.
>
> *Q10 Which people are descendants of the Huns?*
>
> A10 TechBis, Softawre Developer, web Developer at Freelancers
> (2020–present)8h
>
> *The Huns were a nomadic people who originated from Central Asia and
> migrated to Europe during the 4th and 5th centuries AD*. While the Huns
> did not have a well-documented system of record-keeping, and it is
> difficult to trace their direct descendants today.
>
> *However, it is believed that some modern-day populations in Central Asia
> and Eastern Europe may have genetic links to the Huns due to intermarriage
> and mixing with other populations over time*.
>
> Some historians and geneticists suggest that the Huns might have
> contributed to the gene pool of modern-day Hungarians, Kazakhs, and other
> Central Asian and Eastern European groups.
>
> *All the above QA are from Quora website on 22-04- 2023.*
>
> *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .*
>
> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, former ITS, on 23-04-2023*
>
>
>
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