Q1 It is a mistaken concept of assuming, Vacuum means, zero matter; NO; It is not a clustered matter but matter scattered with low pressure. That means, any particle substance can travel in vacuum; Simple. Waves and particles two forms of travel is the clue. Where there is no matter there can neither be any anti-matter. So, physics will not deliver such objective at all. So, what is the quixotic framing of a question whether, can travel in Vacuum?
what is a vacuum, and why isn't space a true vacuum? Live science reports First, forget the vacuum cleaner as an analogy to the vacuum of space, or bulb etc which is Earthly matter reducing the pressure and particle can jump within that small space. Jackie Faherty, a senior scientist in the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, told Live Science. The household cleaning machine effectively fills itself with dirt and dust sucked out of your carpet. (That is, the vacuum cleaner uses differential pressure to create suction. Suction cleaner might be a better name than vacuum cleaner). *But the vacuum of space is the opposite*. By definition, a vacuum is devoid of matter. Space is almost an absolute vacuum, not because of suction but because it's nearly empty. That emptiness results in an extremely low pressure. And while it's impossible to emulate the emptiness of space on Earth, scientists can create extremely low-pressure environments called partial vacuums. On average, space would still be pretty empty even if we didn’t have gravity. "There's just not a lot of stuff relative to the volume of the universe in which you put that stuff," according Caltech theoretical astrophysicist Cameron Hummels. The average density of the universe, according to NASA <https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html>, is 5.9 protons (a positively charged subatomic particle <https://www.livescience.com/65427-fundamental-elementary-particles.html>) per cubic meter. But then gravity amplifies the emptiness in certain regions of the universe by causing the matter in the universe to congregate. Basically, any two objects with mass will be attracted to each other. That's gravity. Put another way, "matter likes to be around other matter," Faherty said. In space, gravity draws nearby objects closer together. Together their collective mass increases, and more mass means they can generate a stronger gravitational pull with which to draw even more matter into their cosmic clump. Mass increases, then gravitational pull, then mass. "It's a runaway effect," Hummels said. As these gravitational hot spots pull in nearby matter, the space between them is evacuated, creating what's known as a cosmic void <https://www.livescience.com/59481-we-live-in-a-cosmic-void.html>, Hummels said. But the universe didn't start that way. After the Big Bang <https://www.livescience.com/65700-big-bang-theory.html>, the matter in the universe was dispersed more uniformly, "almost like a fog," he said. But over billions of years, gravity has gathered that matter into asteroids, planets, stars, solar systems and galaxies; and leaving between them the voids of interplanetary, interstellar and intergalactic space <https://www.livescience.com/65978-what-happens-in-intergalactic-space.html> . *But even the vacuum of space is not truly pure*. Between galaxies, *there's less than one atom <https://www.livescience.com/65978-what-happens-in-intergalactic-space.html> in every cubic meter,* meaning intergalactic space isn't completely empty. It has far less matter, however, than any vacuum humans could simulate in a lab on Earth. Hence space vacuum is totally different and when matter with proton and electron enters, the jumping of any atom is from 3 feet to 350 feet and where distanced particles are available, conductivity shall be there undoubtedly. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Q2 Again a wrong question and inappropriate answer. Yes, you can form the shadow of a fire, but perhaps not for the reason that you are thinking. A shadow is formed any time part of a light beam is blocked or redirected. The shadow region is the region in the light beam where there is less light than in the rest of the beam. This dimmer region tends to take on the shape of the object that is blocking or redirecting some of the light, so we tend to think of a shadow as something that is cast or created by the intercepting object. With this concept in mind, in order for a fire to have a shadow, the fire needs to somehow block or redirect part of another beam of light. Fires can have noticeable shadows if the conditions are right. Public Domain Image, source: US Fish and Wildlife Services. A traditional flame can block or redirect light just fine for the simple reason that a traditional flame is more than just a pillar of light. A traditional hydrocarbon flame contains several components: hydrocarbon fuel molecules and oxygen molecules that are in the process of burning, little solid bits of half-burnt fuel and impurities (called soot or smoke), carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by the burning, light, and hot air. The light that you see in the flame is mostly created by the ‘solid bits of airborne soot heating up so much that they glow” via regular incandescence. The interface between the hot air in the flame and the colder surrounding air tends to bend light away from its forward-propagating direction. This deflection of light at the interface of different materials is called refraction. It is the same effect that enables a lens to focus light. Therefore, for the simple reason that a flame contains hot air, it is able to deflect away some of the light in a light beam and cast its own shadow. Hot air tends to rise turbulently. For this reason, shadows created by hot air tend to look like a bunch of dancing ripples. Also, the soot in a flame can absorb light and can therefore also contribute to the creation of a shadow of the flame. To actually notice the shadow of a fire, the light beam that is going past the fire (e.g. sunlight) must be about as bright or brighter than the light created by the fire itself. Otherwise, the light created by the fire, which spreads out in all directions, will overpower and fill in any dim region created in the other beam of light. For example, pointing a weak flashlight at a roaring campfire will not enable you to see the shadow of the fire. Also, the smaller and cooler a flame is, and the less soot it has, the less it absorbs and redirects light, and therefore the dimmer its shadow will be. Depending on your particular setup, you may or may not be able to see the shadow of a flame with your naked eyes. For best results, you should use a bright light beam, such as direct sunlight, and a fire with lots of heat and soot. Note that fire can have a shadow not because the incoming light beam scatters off the light in the flame. On the fundamental level, one beam of light cannot directly interact with another beam of light. Light beams never directly bounce off each other, absorb each other, or deflect each other. This is because light consists of quantum particles called photons which are by nature bosons. All bosons are able to overlap with each other, pass through each other, and occupy the exact same state at the exact same location. This is also because photons carry neither electric charge nor magnetic moment. Electromagnetic fields, such as those which constitute light, can only interact with objects that carry electric charge or a magnetic moment. Without any charge or magnetic moment to interact with, one bit of light cannot directly influence in any way another bit of light. Note that one light beam can indirectly deflect another light beam by changing the material that both beams are traveling through, or through more exotic effects, but such effects are not present in traditional flames. Fires can have shadows because they contain hot air and soot, and not because they contain light. [image: Does Fire Have a Shadow? | Discover Magazine]Fire and shadow photos Q3 It is very old. The I Ching, one of the earliest Chinese writings, cites that oil in its raw state, without refining, was first discovered, extracted, and used in China in the first century BCE. In addition, the Chinese were the first to record the use of petroleum as fuel as early as the fourth century BCE. Q5 solar radiation, electromagnetic radiation, including X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and radio emissions, as well as visible light, emanating from the Sun. Of the 3.8 × 1033 ergs emitted by the Sun every second, about 1 part in 120 million is received by its attendant planets and their satellites. The small part of this energy intercepted by Earth (the solar constant, on average 1.4 kilowatts per square metre) is of enormous importance to life and to the maintenance of natural processes on Earth’s surface (see also sunlight). The energy output of the Sun has its peak at a wavelength of 0.47 micrometre (0.000019 inch; a micrometre is 10−6 metre), and the Sun radiates about 8 kilowatts per square cm of its surface. sunlight, also called sunshine, solar radiation that is visible at Earth’s surface. The amount of sunlight is dependent on the extent of the daytime cloud cover. Some places on Earth receive more than 4,000 hours per year of sunlight (more than 90 percent of the maximum possible), as in the Sahara; others receive less than 2,000 hours, as in regions of frequent storminess, such as Scotland and Iceland. Over much of the middle-latitude region of the world, the amount of sunlight varies regularly as the day progresses, owing to greater cloud cover in the early morning and during the late afternoon. 1) Kanva Meghyatithi Rishi Theorem – Rugveda – Mandal, 122 nd Sukta, 13 th, 14 th class Mantras). It is in Gayatri Metre. It has been stated here the use of land and light as electrical energy for the yadna prior to sculpture. The earth is said to be the people’s place without light. Space ships like aeroplane, rockets is mentioned as vehicles for transportation and also has asked to acquire wealth & food from there. Yajurveda 32, 13/32/35, 21,36,13. Atharvaveda – 18/1/1 Samhita – 3/3/10/2/3/5/11/3/4/2/4/3 Aitareya Brahmanas – 17/5/10,23/4/1 Taitriya Aranyak – 10/1/10 Nirutta – 1/32 Throw Agreed light on this subject and help us to invent other places in Vedas. K Rajaram IRS 15 8 23 On Tue, 15 Aug 2023 at 18:55, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < iyer...@googlegroups.com> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 08-2023-15* > > *Q1 Can electricity travel through a perfect vacuum?* > > A1 InfoSage, at > > *Electricity primarily consists of the flow of charged particles, usually > electrons, through a conducting medium*. > > In the context of a perfect vacuum, where there are no atoms or particles > to serve as a conducting medium, the flow of electricity as we commonly > understand it does not occur. > > In simple terms, a vacuum lacks the necessary particles that electrons can > interact with to create a current flow. Electric current, which is the > movement of electrons, requires a medium with free electrons (like a metal) > that can move in response to an electric field. In a vacuum, there are no > free electrons to carry the charge. > > However, there is a phenomenon called "vacuum breakdown" or "field > emission," which occurs at extremely high electric fields. In this case, > the electric field becomes strong enough to cause electrons to be pulled > out of a surface, creating a flow of charged particles. This phenomenon > is used in devices like vacuum tubes and certain types of electronic > components. > > *Q2 Why does fire have no shadow?* > > A2 Shine Mondal, Content Writer Sat > > So, have you ever wondered why fire seems to dance and flicker so freely > without casting a shadow? Well, *let me shed some light on this > intriguing phenomenon.* > > You see, fire is a fascinating interplay of light and heat. > > *When an object blocks light, it creates a shadow on the opposite side.* > > *However, fire emits light by undergoing a rapid chemical reaction called > combustion. This combustion process produces both light and heat, which > together form the flame we see*. > > Since the flame itself is a source of light, it doesn't cast a shadow like > solid objects do. > > *Instead, it creates a sort of translucent zone around it due to the > illumination it produces*. Imagine the flame as a painter's brushstroke > of light, and shadows just don't stand a chance in its mesmerizing dance. > > Now, here's a little personal tale that might bring a smile to your face. > A while back, I was camping in the wilderness with friends, and we > decided to tell stories around the campfire. > > *As the flames swayed and crackled, I noticed something magical – our > shadows seemed to blend and waver with the fire's glow*. It was like we > were part of the very dance of light itself. We laughed, shared stories, > and revealed in the warmth of the fire that cast no shadow, but brought us > all closer together. So, remember, just as fire defies shadows, it can also > illuminate the bonds that connect us in unexpected and beautiful ways. Keep > those questions burning, and keep the flame of curiosity alive! > > *My note- Very informative answer.* > > *Q3 Who discovered petrol?* > > A3 Silk Road. Aug 6 > > *If you mean the liquid fuel that is used in internal combustion engines, > then the answer is not so simple.* > > Petrol is not a natural substance that can be found in nature, but a > refined product that is derived from crude oil. > > Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that formed from the remains of > ancient plants and animals over millions of years under high pressure and > temperature. > > The history of crude oil is a long and complex one, involving many people > and places across the world. > > Some of the earliest recorded uses of crude oil date back to ancient times, > when people used it for lighting, heating, medicine, and warfare. > > There's the ancient Chinese, who drilled wells to extract oil as early as 347 > AD. > > *The Babylonians used asphalt (a form of crude oil) to build the walls of > Babylon in 600 BC.* > > *The Persians used oil for lighting and heating in 1000 BC.* > > However, the modern era of crude oil exploration and production began in > the 19th century, when new technologies and discoveries enabled the > extraction and refining of oil on a large scale. > > One of the most important events in this period was *the drilling of the > first commercial oil well by Edwin Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania in > 1859.* > > This sparked an oil boom in the United States and other countries, such as > Russia, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and Iran. > > *The refining of crude oil into various products, such as kerosene, > gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, also developed during this time.* > > The first refinery was built by Samuel Kier in Pittsburgh in 1853. He > used a simple distillation process to separate crude oil into different > fractions based on their boiling points. > > *One of these fractions was gasoline*, which was initially discarded as a > waste product because it was too volatile and flammable for practical use. > > It wasn't until the invention of the automobile in the late 19th century > that gasoline became a valuable fuel. > > The first gasoline-powered car was built by Karl Benz in Germany in 1885. He > used a four-stroke engine that ran on gasoline mixed with ether. > > Soon after, other inventors and manufacturers followed suit, such as > Gottlieb Daimler, Henry Ford, and Ransom Olds. > > *By 1920, there were about 9 million cars on the road* in the United > States alone, creating a huge demand for gasoline.*Since then, gasoline > has become one of the most widely used fuels in the world, powering > millions of vehicles, generators, and machines.* > > However, gasoline also has many drawbacks, such as its environmental > impact, its finite supply, its geopolitical implications, and its price > volatility. > > These factors have led to the development of alternative fuels and > technologies, such as ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, electric vehicles, > hybrid vehicles, and fuel cells. > > *My note-Very informative answer* > > *Q4 What are some unknown facts about world?* > > A4 Hansel Sapkota,Studied Science & Technology (Graduated > 2020)Aug 8 > > *Ling Festival is celebrated in Japan.* > > 1. This festival is called Kanemara Matsuri. This festival is celebrated > every year on the first Sunday of April. > > 2. Child birth rate is very low in Japan. Either people do not have time > or money to have children. An interesting fact is that there are more adult > diapers sold than baby diapers. > > 3. The oldest people on earth are two Japanese people, 117 and 116 years > old. > > 4. Japan has the lowest crime rate in the world. > > 5. Japan is a country made up of 6852 islands. > > 6. In Japan, children themselves clean the schools. > > 7. Japan has more earthquakes than any other country in the world. > > 8. Children are allowed to sleep in schools. > > 9. Japan has the largest number of elderly people relative to its > population. > > 10. People in Japan do not like to sit idle. > > The Japanese are the hardest working people in the world. > > *11Most of the people of Japan follow Shinto religion, along with > Buddhism, Christianity, Islam is also a very fast spreading religion in > Japan.* > > 12. Friendship with India and Japan is one of the oldest country. > > *Q5 How does light come from the sun?* > > A5 InfoSage, Professional Maven Aug 8 > > The Sun's Light Production: > > *The Sun is a massive ball of hot, glowing gas primarily composed of > hydrogen and helium*. The process by which the Sun produces light is > known as nuclear fusion. In the Sun's core, temperatures and pressures > are incredibly high, creating an environment suitable for nuclear reactions. > > Nuclear Fusion: The Sun's core is extremely hot, with temperatures > reaching millions of degrees Celsius. At such high temperatures, hydrogen > nuclei (protons) move at tremendous speeds and collide with each other with > enough energy to overcome their mutual electrostatic http://repulsion. > > In the core, hydrogen nuclei fuse together to form helium nuclei through > a series of reactions known as the proton-proton chain reaction. This > process releases an immense amount of energy in the form of light and heat. > > Energy Conversion: During nuclear fusion, a small portion of the mass of > hydrogen nuclei is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous > equation, E=mc². This energy is released in the form of electromagnetic > radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet light, and other types of > radiation. > > Photon Emission: The energy released during nuclear fusion appears as > photons, which are packets of electromagnetic radiation. These photons > travel outward from the Sun's core through its various layers. > > Surface Radiation:As the photons move towards the Sun's surface, they > encounter layers of ionized gas (plasma) that scatter and absorb the > photons. The energy from these photons heats up the outer layers of the > Sun, leading to the emission of visible light. > > Photosphere:The visible "surface" of the Sun that we see is called the > photosphere. It is the layer from which most of the Sun's visible light is > radiated into space. > > Electromagnetic Spectrum:The Sun emits energy across *a broad spectrum of > electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet light, and > infrared radiation. Our eyes perceive the visible portion of this spectrum.* > > The Sun's light is produced through the process of nuclear fusion in its > core, where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium nuclei, releasing an > immense amount of energy in the form of light and heat. This energy > travels outward through the Sun's layers until it reaches the photosphere, > where visible light is radiated into space, allowing us to perceive > sunlight on Earth. > > *My note- Very very informative answer* > > *All the above QA are from Quora digest to me on 15-08- 2023.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 15-08-2023* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to iyer123+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/438690794.2986661.1692105916867%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/438690794.2986661.1692105916867%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to thatha_patty+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZopXMtRusnGxQJy59CSEcNJr0GRMrESwaqug7dpMny3eWQ%40mail.gmail.com.
