About 244,000 metric tons of gold has been discovered to date (187,000
metric tons historically produced plus current underground reserves of
57,000 metric tons). Most of that gold has come from just three countries:
China, Australia, and South Africa. The United States ranked fourth in gold
production in 2016. All of the gold discovered thus far would fit in a cube
that is 23 meters wide on every side. Most of the gold that is fabricated
today goes into the manufacture of jewellery, but gold is also an essential
industrial metal that performs critical functions in computers,
communications equipment, spacecraft, jet aircraft engines, and a host of
other products.
Geologists today believe silver is around 19 times more abundant than
gold in the earth's crust, but modern silver mine output worldwide is only
8 times greater than golds by weight each year. Hence all said and done,
estimated concept need not prove correct. So why is the Gold / Silver
Ratio so much higher than that? The raw numbers don't explain it. So, most
of the gold ever mined in history still exists in *someone's hands*
somewhere. One estimate in the early 2000s said the above-ground stockpile
of gold could meet more than 6,600 days of demand. For silver that number
was below 260, more in line with coffee, cocoa and other consumed
commodities. As it is, the Gold : Silver ratio has become wildly volatile
since the United States demonetized first silver and then abandoned the
Gold Standard in the early 1970s, rising from 16:1 to peak at almost 100 in
the early 1990s.
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
UNIFORM COLOR THEORY
1. Perception. Color theory isn’t an exact science, but we do know a few
things about how colors change the way people are perceived. Color changes
how people see others and how people see themselves. In American culture,
the darker the color, the more authoritative a person appears. It is
unsurprising then that the colors most often associated with security and
law enforcement uniforms are blue, gray, and black.
2. Emotion. Psychological tests have found that individuals associate
colors with specific moods. For example, people generally associate red
with excitement and stimulation, which explains why red is often used for
flashing emergency vehicle lights but not for uniforms. According to a
study done at the University of Georgia, the color blue subconsciously
evokes feelings of comfort and security in most people, making it a good
choice for people in a position of authority. Tests also have found that
individuals associate the color black with power and strength. But black
can also elicit anger, hostility, dominance, and aggression. A dark
security uniform may subconsciously encourage citizens to see officers as
aggressive or corrupt. The color gray is an unemotional color. It is
detached, neutral, impartial, and indecisive. From a color psychology
perspective, gray is the color of compromise—being neither black nor white.
Gray conforms. For a security officer uniform, gray is conventional,
dependable, and practical.
3. Authority. When combined with a uniform, color can establish a sense of
authority. In 1829, the London Metropolitan Police developed the first
standard police apparel. These first police officers were issued a dark
blue, paramilitary-style uniform. The color blue was chosen to distinguish
the police from the British military officers who wore red and white
uniforms at the time. The first official police force in the United States
was established in the city of New York in 1845. Based on the London
police, the New York City Police Department adopted the dark blue uniform
in 1853. Cities such as Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit,
and Philadelphia quickly followed by establishing police departments based
on the London model, including the adoption of the dark blue,
paramilitary-style uniform. Most police uniforms in the United States
continue to have a paramilitary appearance and are generally a dark color.
However, dark colors are preferred not only for the emotions they convey,
but because they keep the officer from being easily spotted by lawbreakers,
especially at night.
So, white color for Navy is for spotting in dark; while for doctors, it is
to spot the blood during surgery to take proper action during the surgery;
color is same but explained differently; Khaki is for criminals not to
identify the law authority in night operations; but in Army it is chosen
for being rugged under, unwashable conditions; ad thus reasons are aplenty.
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Prajña (प्रज्ञ).—a. 1) Wise, intelligent, learned. 1) Intelligence,
understanding, intellect, wisdom; आकारसदृशप्रज्ञः प्रज्ञया सदृशागमः
(ākārasadṛśaprajñaḥ
prajñayā sadṛśāgamaḥ) R.1.15; नाभिनन्दति न द्वेष्टि तस्य प्रज्ञा
प्रतिष्ठिता (nābhinandati na dveṣṭi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā) Bhagavadgītā
(Bombay) 2.57; शस्त्रं निहन्ति पुरुषस्य शरीरमेकं प्रज्ञा कुलं च विभवं यशश्च
हन्ति (śastraṃ nihanti puruṣasya śarīramekaṃ prajñā kulaṃ ca vibhavaṃ
yaśaśca hanti) || Subhāṣ.
The Sanskrit word प्रज्ञ (Pragña) is the combination of "प्र (pra-)"
which prefix means – before, forward, fulfiller, and used as the
intensifier but rarely as a separate word and "ज्ञ (jna)" which means -
knowing or familiar with. प्रज्ञ (Prajña), meaning - wise, prudent,
knowing, conversant with, is the root of प्राज्ञ (Prājña) meaning – wise,
learned man, intellectual, clever, intelligence dependent on
individuality; प्रज्ञा
(Prajñā) meaning – intelligence, judgement, mental attitude, particular
shakti or energy, insight, mental disposition, true or transcendental
wisdom, awareness, mentality, understanding, discrimination,
knowledge; and प्राज्ञा
(Prājñā) meaning – understanding, intelligence
B g तानि सर्वाणि संयम्य युक्त आसीत मत्-परः ।
वशे हि यस्येन्द्रियाणि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥ ६१ ॥chap 2
tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ |
vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā || 61 ||
Therefore, one should subdue the senses by surrendering to Me in
bhakti-yoga and remain under My shelter, because only one whose senses are
controlled is fixed in intelligence. He alone is sthita-prajña.
श्री भगवान् उवाच–
प्रजहाति यदा कामान् सर्वान् पार्थ मनो-गतान् ।
आत्मन्य् एवात्मना तुष्टः स्थित-प्रज्ञस् तदोच्यते ॥ ५५ ॥
śrī bhagavān uvāca–
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān pārtha mano-gatān |
ātmany evātmanā tuṣṭaḥ sthita-prajñas tadocyate || 55 ||
Śrī Bhagavān said: O Pārtha, when the living entity renounces all material
desires arising from the mind, and when, his mind thus controlled, he
becomes completely satisfied by the blissful personal form of his own ātmā
(self), he is to be known as sthita-prajña, a person of steady intelligence.
Isha Upanishad which belongs to the Shukla Yajurveda.[6] Dayananda
Saraswati, translating and commenting on the Rig Veda, draws attention to a
sage of the Rig Veda who tells us –
पिशङ्गरूपः सुभरो वयोधाः श्रुष्टीवीरो आयते देवकामः |
प्रजां त्वष्टा वि ष्यतु नाभिमस्मे अथा देवानाम प्येतु पाथः ||२.३.९ ||
that the radiant one, who feeds and nourishes, who ensures births, who
desires association with the learned, he surely soon gains wide varied
knowledge (and becomes intelligent and aware).
And, to Vishwamitra who tells us -
यदद्य त्वा प्रयति यज्ञे अस्मिन् होतिश्च्कितवोऽवृणीमहीह |
ध्रुवमया ध्रुवमुताशमिष्ठाः प्रजानन् विद्वान् उप याहि सोमम् ||३.२९.१६ ||
that those who constantly strive to understand the ways and methods of the
objective world and its origin and its being surely attain divinity
(aishvarya). Sayana commenting on mantra III.27.7 observes that the most
common meaning of māyā are prajñā ('intelligence') and kapata ('deceit')
and that kratu of the compound-word Sukratu in mantra I.20.8 implies
either karma (act) or prajñā ('knowledge').
Upanishadic Reference: The third chapter of the Aitareya Upanishad
teaches – तत्प्रज्ञानेत्रम् प्रज्ञाने प्रतिष्ठितं प्रज्ञानेत्रो लोकः
प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म (III.i.3) that all that exist, all phenomena cosmic and
psychical, are rooted in Prajñā i.e. Consciousness, and Consciousness is
Brahman, in which regard Sankara in his commentary states that Brahman gets
the respective names and forms as conditioned by the divergent bodies; it
is the same entity that has become diversified under all the conditions and
is known in every way and is thought of multifariously by all creatures as
well as logicians. And, in the Kaushitaki Upanishad III.iii.4, Indra
describes 'Death' as complete absorption in Prana when Prānā and Prajñā
('consciousness' or 'self'), which together live in the body and together
depart, become one.
The main theme of Kaushitaki Upanishad is that without Prajñā the
senses do not work, which is knowledge, for by knowledge one sees clearly;
Prajñā is Brahman and all things are rooted in Brahman. Prānā is Prajñā,
self-consciousness. It is Prajñā that takes possession of Speech, and by
speech one obtains words; takes possession of the nose, and one obtains
odours; takes possession of the eye, and one obtains all forms; takes
possession of the ear, and one obtains all sounds; takes possession of the
tongue, and one obtains all tastes of food; takes possession of the hands,
and one obtains all actions; takes possession of the body, and one obtains
pleasure and pain; takes possession of the organ, one obtains happiness,
joy and offspring; takes possession of the feet, one obtains all movements
and takes possession of mind, and one obtains all thoughts, without Prajñā,
no thoughts succeed.
The Vedantasara tells us that Brahman is to be thought of as being
Nirguna, without attributes; Brahman is the sole reality, everything else
is Anatman, non-existence and non-knowledge. Ignorance is two-fold; Brahman
in relation of totality of ignorance as Ishvara has all the attributes of
the creator and the ruler of the world but in relation to special ignorance
is the individual soul, the defective intelligence, Prājña (प्राज्ञ) – अस्य
प्राज्ञात्वमस्पष्टोपाधितयानतिप्रकाशकत्वात् ||४४|| Intelligence in its
invisible form refers to Brahman – आनन्दभुक् चेतोमुखः प्राज्ञः ("Prājña,
the enjoyer of bliss, with Consciousness for its aid" (Mandukya Upanishad 5)),
the all-knowing reality, in its visible form it is the parviscient Jiva
which is able to differentiate itself from Ishvara – सता सोम्य तदा सम्पन्नो
भवति ("Then (in dreamless sleep), my dear, he (Jiva) becomes one with
Existence (Ishvara) " (Chandogya Upanishad VI.viii.1))
Gaudapada, in his Karika on the Mandukya Upanishad, refers to the
three states of consciousness, to the one Atman perceived threefold in the
same body and the threefold satisfaction; he refers to Vaisvanara –
जागरितस्थानो
बहिष्प्रज्ञः whose sphere of action is the waking state, to Taijasa –
स्वप्नास्थानोऽन्तःप्रज्ञः
whose sphere is the dream state, and to Prājna (प्राज्ञ), whose sphere in
the form of cause only is deep sleep bereft of dreams, as a mass of
consciousness, as the Akasha in the heart and as the blissful one. He
states that 'Dream' is the wrong apprehension of reality, 'Sleep' is the
state in which one does not know what reality is; when the false experience
in these two states disappears, Turiya is realized (Gaudapada Karika
I.vii.15).
And, Yajnavalkya in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad advises that the
intelligent seeker of Brahman, learning about the Self alone, should
practice wisdom (prajñā) and not think of too many words, for that is
exhausting to the organ of speech.
Swami Gambhirananda explains that the state where the sleeper does not
desire any enjoyable thing and does not see any dream is deep sleep, and
Prājna is the doorway to the experience of the dream and waking states.
Prājña is the Self as the universal person in deep sleep. Yajnavlkya tells
Janaka that Chidaksha, the Self of the nature of Consciousness, is
consciousness behind intelligent sound and the source of Shabda Brahman
whose primary form is Aum which word is to be meditated upon as Prajñā
('Knowledge'), the inmost consciousness.
Intelligence cannot be identified as described by the west as people
in the cine field act so well that they are so intelligent but truth is
different when speaking in person.
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Utility and worthless: Once a useless son, became the highly useful
husband one day and finally became useless as described the wife and son
lastly. Without a slate and a balaappam none in this group could have
survived once; but where are they? Changes are happening only in Prakrithi
the matter; that slate in Silica became a silicon chip today; Purusha is
unalterable and Prakrithi is the same but name only changes.
KR IRS 8 12 23
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'venkat giri' via KeralaIyers <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2023 at 23:37
Subject: [KeralaIyers] CULTURAL QA 12-2023-06
To: Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>, Iyer <
[email protected]>
Cc: Gopala Krishnan <[email protected]>
*Respected Sir/s,*
CULTURAL QA 12-2023-06
Q1 How much more silver is there on Earth than gold?
A1: *Silver is much more commonly found on Earth than gold, platinum or
palladium, which is one of the reasons its price is lower than these
precious metals. It is estimated that 1.74 million metric tons of silver
has been discovered to date, but the amount of silver in the world is
certainly far higher, with reserves still waiting to be discovered and
mined.*
Geologists today believe *SILVER *is around *19 times* more abundant
than *GOLD* in the earth's crust, but modern silver mine output worldwide
is only 8 times greater than gold's by weight each year. *It is estimated
that 90% of all gold ever mined throughout history is still in circulation**.
This makes gold very rare when compared to silver*. Additionally, gold
recovered from a 400-year-old shipwreck is as shiny and bright as the day
it went into the sea. Silver from the same shipwreck will be an ugly
tarnished and fused lump of badly corroded metal. *People who purchase
bullion know that 20 years after their purchase of the gold it will be
gold,* while the silver will be oxidized making any attempt to melt the
metal for jewellery making or electronics manufacturing may result in low
quality silver. It may be so low quality that it can’t be used.
*There are historical and modern reasons:*
· *Gold is non-reactive with other chemicals so it retains its
colour. Yet silver blackens, which has undesired effects.*
· *Gold has a unique colour unlike other metals do. So people are
fond of it and this has created more demand for it.*
· *Gold is rarer than silver and this is the main reason. When there
is less supply of something and higher demand on it, then the price will be
higher.*
· *Also because there are a lot more silver than gold on earth. On
average, silver exists at a 19:1 ratio versus gold in the Earth’s crust.*
· *Silver has a huge number of industrial, commercial and medical
uses. The lower price, and reduced scarcity, mean that the reclamation rate
of silver is less than that of other precious metals; unlike gold – the
majority of which is constantly recycled – large quantities of silver are
lost through use.*
· *Silver mining is more often undertaken as a secondary yield as
part of other mining operations, rather than the primary goal. Silver has
been mined for thousands of years and, as such, huge amounts of this
precious metal are now above ground.*
Q2: Why are Navy uniforms white?
A2: There are numerous justifications for the Navy's use of white uniforms.
· Cotton was a commonly used material for making clothes that were
white in colour in ancient times. Additionally, navy is one of the oldest
global professions. As a result, the marines' clothing colour also became
white.
· Moreover, white is not a colour in the palette. The white colour
is created by combining seven colours, and the white uniform denotes the
blending of the seven seas. Actually, the colour white is a combination of
rainbow hues.
· Thirdly, the ships are not immune to electrical power outages,
blackouts, or distress calls. As to provide search and rescue, white
uniforms help in identification. The white uniform is clearly
distinguishable in the dark and is seen from a distance against the blue
backdrop of the sea in the light.
· The colour white is an excellent heat reflector and keeps off the
sun's wrath. Darker clothing typically absorbs more heat. The white Indian
Navy uniform is still cool while the ships travel in the heat.
· Lastly, health and hygiene are given top priority when travelling
by sea. This goal is achievable through white uniform; dust, even a small
stain, and all radiation are reflected by white. The wearing of white
encourages good health.
· In olden days, seafarers travelled to different countries to
explore the world. *They achieved this as messengers of peace*. *White
colour symbolises peace.*
Q3 How can you identify intelligent people?
A3: While intelligence can be a complex and multifaceted concept, certain
signs indicate someone may be highly intelligent, including:
· Pleasant attitude and hard-working nature
· Good thinking ability
· Excellent memory and recall capacity
· Precise and credible decision-making
· Showing problem-solving skills
· Curious and open to new experiences
· High levels of insight and intuition
· Good language proficiency and reasoning skills
· High emotional intelligence
· High level of creativity
Knowing these signs can help one better understand intellectual
strengths and weaknesses.
Q4: What was incredibly expensive twenty years ago, and is completely
worthless today?
A4:
· 3D TELEVISION
· HD-DVD PLAYERS
· DIGITAL CAMERAS
· CDs
· MEMORY STICKS
· FAX MACHINES
· LAND LINE PHONES
· LAXURY WATCHES
· BARBIE DOLLS
To name a few
Q5 What children's stories contain the most important life lessons?
A5: Lessons Learnt From Children's Books
1. Laugh At ones Mistakes.
2. Friendship Is the Best Gift
3. Make Yourself Heard.
*4. **There's No Place in the world Like Home. ...*
*5. **ONE Cannot Always Get What one Wants.*
*------*
Regards
V.Sridharan
Trichy
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