Planets in astrology
Worship of heavenly bodies History of astrology
GREEK THOUGHTS: In astrology, planets have a meaning different from the
astronomical understanding of what a planet is. Before the age of
telescopes, the night sky was thought to consist of two similar components:
fixed stars, which remained motionless in relation to each other, and
moving objects/"wandering stars" (Ancient Greek: ἀστέρες πλανῆται,
romanized: asteres planetai), which moved relative to the fixed stars over
the course of the year(s). To the Ancient Greeks who learned from the
Babylonians, the earliest astronomers/astrologers, this group consisted of
the five planets visible to the naked eye and excluded Earth, plus the Sun
and Moon. Although the Greek term planet applied mostly to the five
'wandering stars', the ancients included the Sun and Moon as the Sacred 7
Luminaires/7 Heavens (sometimes referred to as "Lights" making a total of 7
planets. The ancient Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, Romans, Medieval
Christians, and others thought of the 7 classical planets as gods and named
their 7 days of the week after them. Astrologers retain this definition of
the 7 classical planets today.
Modern astrologers differ on the source of the correlations
between planetary positions and configurations, on the one hand, and
characteristics and destinies of the natives, on the other. Hone writes
that the planets exert it directly through gravitation or another, unknown
influence. Others hold that the planets have no direct influence on
themselves, but are mirrors of basic organizing principles in the universe.
In other words, the basic patterns of the universe repeat themselves
everywhere, in a fractal-like fashion, and as above, so below. Therefore,
the patterns that the planets make in the sky reflect the ebb and flow of
basic human impulses. The planets are also associated, especially in the
Chinese tradition, with the basic forces of nature.
Listed below are the specific meanings and domains associated
with the astrological planets since ancient times, with the main focus on
the Western astrological tradition.
The planets in Hindu astrology are known as the Navagraha (literally
"nine planets"), with the addition of two shadow bodies Rahu and Ketu. In
Chinese astrology, the planets are associated with the life forces of Yin &
Yang and the five elements, which play an important role in the Chinese
form of geomancy known as Feng Shui. Astrologers differ on the signs
associated with each planet's exaltation, especially for the outer,
non-classical planets.
Planetary symbolism GREEK This table shows the astrological
planets (as distinct from the astronomical) and the Greek and Roman deities
associated with them. In most cases, the English name for planets derives
from the name of a Roman god or goddess. Also of interest is the conflation
of the Roman god with a similar Greek god. In some cases, it is the same
deity with two different names.
Planet Symbol Roman deity Greek God Babylonian God Armenian
God Egyptian God Connection Meaning European)
Sun ☉ Sol Ἥλιος (Helios) Ἀπόλλων (Apollo) 𒀭𒌓 (Shamash) Արև
(Arev) Ra Horus ancient God of Prophecy and Solar
Incarnation Helios means "sun." The Sun God. Associated with ego,
sense of purpose, and vitality.
Moon ☾ Luna Diana Σελήνη (Selene) Ἄρτεμις (Artemis) 𒂗𒍪
(Sin) Լուսին (Lusin) Khonsu ancient Goddess of
Hunting and Lunar Incarnation Selene means "moon." The Moon God. Associated
with emotions, the mother, and motherly instincts. Chandra means "shining."
Mercury ☿ Mercury ʽἙρμῆς (Hermes) 𒀭𒀝 (Nabu) Լուծ
(Luć) Thoth ancient God of messengers, travel, and/or
commerce. A planet god known for his preserving and protecting nature to
mankind and manhood. Associated with communication, wit, and cleverness.
Venus ♀ Venus Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodite) [Κύπριδα (Cypris)]
[Κυθέρεια (Cytherea)] 𒀭𒈹 (Inanna) Եղջերու (Yełjeru) Isis
Hathor ancient Goddess of romance and lust; Venus means "love" and/or
"sexual desire. Associated with fertility, beauty, and enthusiasm. Always
helped demons in the war against gods; Shukra means "clear, pure,
brightness, or clearness."
Mars ♂ Mars Ἀρης (Ares) 𒀭𒄊𒀕𒃲 (Nergal) Ծկրավորի
(Ćkravori) Anhur ancient God of War Son of Earth
This planet is associated with auspicious occasions. Also associated with
strength, aggression and anger.
Jupiter ♃ Jupiter Jove Δίας (Dias) 𒀭𒀫𒌓
(Marduk) Փառազնոտ (Þaŕaznot) Amun ancient Leader,
King and Father of the Olympian Gods; Jupiter means "Jovial King" and/or
"Father of Thunder." Mentor and teacher of gods. Always helped gods in
war against demons. Guru means "teacher" or "priest." Brihaspati means
"lord of prayer or devotion."[9] Associated with luck and expansion.
Saturn ♄ Saturn Κρόνος (Cronus) Ἥλιος (Helios) 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒅁
Kajamanu) Արտախույր (Artakhuyr) Geb[10] ancient God of
Agriculture and the Father of Jupiter. Leader and ruler of the Titans;
Saturn means "God of Seeds", "Father of the Harvest", and/or "Father Time."
Shani Dev, Son of Surya (Sun); God of Karma and Justice; Gives consequences
for a person's deeds during life. This planet is associated with status,
equitable punishment, wisdom, ambition, patience, honor, toughness, but
with pessimism, hardships, and fatalism.
Uranus ♅ Caelus Ουρανός (Ouranos) 𒀭𒀭 (Anu, Anshar)
րկնակ (Yerknak) अरुण (Aruna) Horus modern God of the
Sky, Father of Saturn and Grandfather of Jupiter; "Uranus" and "Caelus"
both mean "Sky" and/or "Father Sky." Charioteer of Sun and half brother of
A mythological snake king Vasuki in Indian Puranas. Vasuki means "of divine
being." This planet is associated with originality, eccentricity,
electricity, and sudden changes.
Neptune ♆ Neptune Ποσειδῶν (Poseidon) 𒀭𒂗𒆠 (Enki) Մոսմոռակ
(Mosmoŕak) Khnum modern God of the Sea God of rain in
Indian mythology; Varuna means "God of the sea." This planet is associated
with dreams, illusions, and psychic receptivity, but sometimes with
vagueness and uncertainty as well.
Pluto ⯓ Pluto Πλούτων (Plouton) Ἅδης (Hades) 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒆠𒃲
(Ereshkigal) Հեռակ (Heŕak) Osiris modern God of
the Underworld and Death; Hades means "the unseen" and Pluto means
"wealth." God of Death and Rebirth. Associated with subconscious
forces, ruling all that is 'below the surface' (Abyss)
Daily motion
Planet Average speed(geocentric) Highest speed(geocentric)
Lowest speed(geocentric)
Sun 00°59'08" 01°03'00"
00°57'10"
Moon 13°10'35" 16°30'00"
11°45'36"
Mercury 01°23'00" 02°25'00"
−01°30'00"
Venus 01°12'00" 01°22'00"
−00°41'12"
Mars 00°31'27" 00°52'00"
−00°26'12"
Ceres 00°12'40" 00°30'00"
−00°16'00"
Jupiter 00°04'59" 00°15'40"
−00°08'50"
Saturn 00°02'01" 00°08'48"
−00°05'30"
Uranus 00°00'42" 00°04'00"
−00°02'40"
Neptune 00°00'24" 00°02'25"
−00°01'45"
Pluto 00°00'15" 00°02'30"
−00°01'48"
Pallas 00°12'20" 00°40'30"
−00°22'30"
Juno 00°14'15" 00°39'00"
−00°18'00"
Vesta 00°16'15" 00°36'00"
−00°17'32"
Chiron 00°02'00" 00°10'00"
−00°06'00"
History
The geocentric Ptolemaic system of the universe depicted by Andreas
Cellarius, 1660–1661
Treatises on the Ptolemaic planets and their influence on people born
"under their reign" appear in block book form, so-called "planet books" or
Planetenbücher. This genre is attested in numerous manuscripts beginning in
the mid 15th century in the Alemannic German area;[13][14][15][16][17] it
remained popular throughout the German Renaissance, exerting great
iconographical influence far into the 17th century.
The qualities inherited from the planets by their children are as follows:
Saturn industrious, melancholic, and
tranquil
Jupiter charming and hunting
Mars soldiering and warfare
Sun music and athleticism
Moon shy and tenderness
Mercury prudent, crafty, lovable, and
commerce
Venus amorousness and
passion.[21][22]
The seven classical planets are those easily seen with the naked eye, and
were thus known to ancient astrologers. They are the Moon, Mercury, Venus,
Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Sometimes, the Sun and Moon were referred
to as "the lights" or the "luminaries". Vesta and Uranus can also just be
seen with the naked eye, though no ancient culture appears to have taken
note of them. The classical planets fit neatly into the theories of
Aristotle and Ptolemy, with each being part of a Celestial sphere. The
order of the classical planets is determined by the speed. The Moon moves
the fastest and so is considered to form the first celestial sphere above
Earth. Everything below the Moon is part of the sublunary sphere. Mercury
moves the second fastest and so rules the next highest sphere. Next is
Venus, who takes about 260 days to revolve around the Sun. Following that
is the Sun, then Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The astrological descriptions
attached to the seven classical planets have been preserved since ancient
times. Astrologers call the seven classical planets "the seven personal and
social planets", because they are said to represent the basic human drives
of every individual. The personal planets are the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus
and Mars. The social or transpersonal planets are Jupiter and Saturn.
Jupiter and Saturn are often called the first of the "transpersonal" or
"transcendent" planets as they represent a transition from the inner
personal planets to the outer modern, impersonal planets The following is a
list of the planets and their associated characteristics.
Western astrology appraises Saturn as the primary native ruler of the tenth
house. In traditional Hindu astrology however, Saturn ruled both the first
and eighth houses, and had its joy in the twelfth house of mischief and bad
luck. Saturn rules over Saturday, which was named after the deity Saturn.
Dante Alighieri associated Saturn with the liberal art of astronomia
(astronomy and astrology).
In Chinese astrology, Saturn is ruled by the element earth. In
Indian astrology, Saturn is called Shani or "Sani", representing a
noteworthy career and longevity. He is also the bringer of obstacles and
hardship.
Since the invention of the telescope, Western astrology has
incorporated Uranus, Neptune, Pluto (also referred to as "outer planets"
into its methodology. The outer modern planets Uranus, Neptune and Pluto
are often called the collective or transcendental planets. Indian and
Chinese astrologers have tended to retain the ancient seven-planet system.
Meanings have had to be assigned to them by modern astrologers, usually
according to the major events that occurred in the world at the time of
their discovery. As these astrologers are usually Western, the social and
historical events they describe have an inevitable Western emphasis.
Astrologers consider the "extra-Saturnian" planets to be "impersonal" or
generational planets, meaning their effects are felt more across whole
generations of society. Their effects in individuals depend upon how
strongly they feature in that individual's birth-chart. The following are
their characteristics as accepted by most astrologers, although some
details can differ between astrologers. One frequent criticism of astrology
is that while some astrologers believe the positions of all existent
planets in the Solar System should be taken into account, astrologers were
not able to correctly predict the existence of Uranus and Neptune using
horoscopes The grafting of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto is into the astrology
discourse was done on an ad hoc basis; these planets are also rarely used
in Hindu astrology.
Uranus takes 84 years to orbit the Sun, spending about seven years
in each sign of the zodiac. Uranus was discovered to be a planet only in
1781 by Sir William Herschel. Neptune takes 165 years to orbit the Sun,
spending approximately 14 years (13.75) in each sign of the zodiac.[43]
Neptune was discovered in 1846. Pluto takes 248 years to make a full
circuit of the zodiac, but its progress is highly variable: it spends
between 15 and 26 years in each sign. Some asteroids such as Pallas (⚴)
and Vesta (⚶), as well as dwarf planet Ceres (⚳), can sometimes be seen
with binoculars (Vesta even with the naked eye), but these were not
discovered till the early 19th century. At that time, Ceres, Juno (⚵), and
the other two aforementioned asteroids were for a time regarded as planets.
Although asteroids have been known to both astronomers and astrologers for
more than 200 years, they are often ignored by astrologers. The tradition
of some astrologers casting charts with minor planets originates with these
asteroids. Since the discovery of Chiron (⚷) in the 1970s, some astrologers
have been casting the new "planet", although astronomers consider it a
centaur (a kind of intermediate object between comet and asteroid).
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