Hi

The whole clock error / orbit error thing can be corrected after the fact with 
data from 
various agencies. It impacts survey work at least as much as timing. Looking at 
it that
way, it does not really present a hard limit. 

The “what’s the frequency limit?” question depends on just what you mean by 
frequency. Is it the 
phase change over a second? ( = a one second counter gate time). In that case 
you are 
closer to the ppb range than ppt. 

Is it 50% of the time, 90% of the time or 99% of the time? Each step you take 
makes things look a 
bit worse. There (effectively) is no "100% of the time” answer to the question. 
 ADEV was 
invented to some degree because this had people very much tied up in knots 
“back in the day”. 

Do you average your readings in some way (like to get them on a frequency vs 
time plot)? That will impact what 
you “see” as the answer ( = 86,000 data points don’t fit  on a normal monitor 
screen … or printed page). 

Lots of qualifiers ….

Bob



> On Jul 10, 2019, at 2:44 AM, Perry Sandeen via time-nuts 
> <time-nuts@lists.febo.com> wrote:
> 
> Yo Bubba Dudes!
> In a number of fascinating and highly educational for me were the explanation 
> of accuracy by TVB and others.  I learned quite a lot, thank you.
> Bob mentioned about slight orbital variations in the GPS satellites.
> IIRC those slight variations meant that you could only reliably get about 
> 1x10^12.accuracy.
> Would someone please expand on what the practical frequency calibration limit 
> might be?
> Regards,
> Perrier
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