At 7:56 PM -0500 12/30/05, Jim  Guinee wrote:
"Stephen J. Gould is one of many biologists who has strongly asserted the
evolution as fact and theory position"

Jim G:
I always thought it odd that he asserted it as fact, but also argued

He asserted that it was a fact that species had evolved the way they did but ....
using the metaphor of "rewinding the tape" ....
he also claimed that if conditions were reset to the beginning of the evolution of multicellular organisms, the outcome would be different; the process might be determined, but there was enough contingency involved so that it was not _pre_determined.

it could never happen again ....

exactly the same way -- NOT that evolution would not happen again, simply that it would not produced exactly the same results.
--
The best argument against Intelligent Design is that people believe in it.

* PAUL K. BRANDON                     [EMAIL PROTECTED] *
* Psychology Department                        507-389-6217 *
* 23 Armstrong Hall     Minnesota State University, Mankato *
*        http://www.mnsu.edu/dept/psych/welcome.html        *

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