It is becoming increasingly clear that I've been a Dept. Chair way too long and have falling behind in my readiong on this literature. Thanks to Stephen Black for pointing out that I need to update my increasingly archaic knowledge in this area. (No sarcasm intended...... I MEAN it!!) FWIW, I have known that some folks were challenging the tight REM/Dream connection but I continue to oversimplify for pedagogical purposes and I guess I started to believe my own oversimplifications. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D. Office (610)436-2945 Professor and Chairperson Home (610)363-1939 Department of Psychology FAX (610)436-2846 West Chester University [EMAIL PROTECTED] West Chester, PA 19383 www.wcupa.edu Husband, father, biopsychologist and bluegrass fiddler........... not necessarily in order of importance. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~