http://www.newscientist.com/conferences/confarticle.jsp?conf=soneu200011&id= ns9999149 The lemon odor only phase shifts the neuromodulation of the brain away from a current oscillon of pain. Pain is two or more incongruent stimulation interacting relative to the current learned neurological organization. For example you are angry and open a can of fresh coffee, and discover to your surprise you want to be angry but can not. The odor of coffee phase shifted the current organization for angry way from the oscillon for angry expression. For further insight into this line of reasoning read "Correlational Opponent Processing" and "Pain as an Opponent Process" at http://turn.to/ai or http://msnhomepages.talkcity.com/LaGrangeLn/ronaldblue/index.html Ron Blue [EMAIL PROTECTED]