I was just presenting to my Advanced Research Seminar class the latest draft of the APA Ethics guidelines concerning deception. Some of you may know that the current (1992) guidelines say, "Psychologists never deceive research participants about significant aspects that would affect their willingness to participate, such as physical risks, discomfort, or unpleasant emotional experiences." I had always told my students that they could never do any research that might be expected to make participants feel the least distress because of that wording. The proposed revision reads, "Psychologists never deceive prospective participants about research that is reasonably expected to cause physical pain or severe emotional distress." That word, "severe" is pretty strong. Hello, Milgram replications? Rick Dr. Richard L. Froman Psychology Department John Brown University Siloam Springs, AR 72761 e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] phone and voice mail: (501)524-7295 http://www.jbu.edu/sbs/psych/froman.htm