Sorry, one sentence in my previous email was erroneously unfinished:

"While Prof. Bernstein’s work in pointing out the many procedural errors in the 
hybrid-vs-pure-key-agreement issue, it is my personal opinion that...”

Should be:

"While Prof. Bernstein’s work in pointing out the many procedural errors in the 
hybrid-vs-pure-key-agreement issue was valuable and appropriate, it is my 
personal opinion that..."

Nadim Kobeissi
Symbolic Software • https://symbolic.software

> On 22 May 2026, at 9:44 AM, Nadim Kobeissi <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> I am writing this as someone who supported Prof. Bernstein’s previous, 
> unrelated (for lack of a better term) litigation against the so-called “rough 
> consensus” that was declared regarding the introduction of pure ML-KEM key 
> agreement in TLS 1.3. My position was at the time, and continues to be, that 
> such “rough consensus” never existed and I am glad to see that that decision 
> was (this might be a procedurally imprecise term) reversed. Pure ML-KEM isn’t 
> right for TLS when we have already deployed hybrid key agreement that employs 
> the best of both pre-quantum and post-quantum cryptography.
> 
> While Prof. Bernstein’s work in pointing out the many procedural errors in 
> the hybrid-vs-pure-key-agreement issue, it is my personal opinion that his 
> employment of the same litigation tactics here in the context of ML-DSA is 
> highly exaggerated and counterproductive.
> 
> There has to be a limit. There is a time for fighting, when nobody wants to 
> hear what is right, but there is also a time for consensus-building.
> 
> These dynamics upset me. I genuinely believe that everyone on this list, 
> including Prof. Bernstein as well as, say, Soatok, have many intelligent and 
> good things to contribute.
> 
> However, I am often bitterly disappointed by many intellectual and personal 
> shortfalls displayed on this list, which certainly must include my own.
> 
> Nadim Kobeissi
> Symbolic Software • https://symbolic.software
> 
>> On 19 May 2026, at 1:28 PM, D. J. Bernstein <[email protected]> wrote:
>> 
>> The TLS WG chairs wrote "The chairs have judged that there is consensus
>> to progress this I-D." But there wasn't consensus; not even close. There
>> also wasn't "rough consensus".
>> 
>> I'm hereby complaining to the security ADs (not just the one coming from
>> NSA) under RFC 2026, Section 6.5, about the chairs' false declaration of
>> consensus. I'm hereby asking the ADs to reverse this declaration, and to
>> withdraw the forwarding to IESG of this declaration and spec.
>> 
>> I am, of course, not requesting parallel review by IESG of the lack of
>> merits of the chair declaration. However, I'm hereby complaining to IESG
>> that IESG's "last call" is based on a _disputed_ claim from the WG
>> chairs and that the dispute has not yet been resolved. Procedurally,
>> "last call" is threatening to sabotage the RFC 2026 appeal processes, is
>> threatening to produce a non-consensual RFC falsely claiming consensus,
>> and is adding further burdens to people objecting---people who have
>> already been forced by previous chair abuses to state objections again
>> and again and again. The damage here is far worse than the damage done
>> by delaying issuance of an RFC during an appeal process. I'm hereby
>> asking IESG to immediately withdraw the "last call" and to wait for
>> completion of the appeals allowed by RFC 2026.
>> 
>> This complaint is organized as follows:
>> 
>> 1. The level of opposition to this spec
>> 2. The level of support for this spec
>> 3. The failure to resolve objections
>> 4. The lack of consensus
>> 5. The lack of "rough consensus"
>> 6. Further violations of RFC 2418 and RFC 2026
>> 7. Chair mishandling of complaints regarding the consensus claim, part 1
>> 8. Chair mishandling of complaints regarding the consensus claim, part 2
>> 9. Next steps
>> 
>> The last three sections include a review of the chairs insisting that
>> their consensus claim was correct despite being challenged, and, within
>> minutes, taking further action on this basis, evidently terminating the
>> discussion. Escalation to the ADs is thus authorized under RFC 2026,
>> Section 6.5. This is well within RFC 2026's two-month deadline.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 1. The level of opposition to this spec
>> 
>> The chairs sent email to the WG mailing list on 9 April 2026 issuing
>> "last call" at the WG level regarding issuance of an RFC for non-hybrid
>> ML-DSA in TLS.
>> 
>> Contrary to what readers would expect from a "last call" for objections,
>> there were already many objections stated on list _before_ 9 April 2026
>> to all TLS usage of non-hybrid post-quantum cryptosystems. For example:
>> 
>> * Izzy Grosof wrote (along with further explanation): "The performance
>>  improvements of a non-hybrid approach are trifling; the security risks
>>  are immense ... Do not endorse or standardize any non-hybrid
>>  post-quantum cryptosystem, via this document or any other."
>> 
>> * Tibor Jager wrote "I expressed that I do not support any draft that
>>  does not use hybrid crypto, and provided concrete arguments why. ...
>>  Many other cryptosystems have received considerable analysis before
>>  they were broken."
>> 
>> * Christoph Striecks, quoting an earlier message from Tibor Jager that
>>  said "currently do not support any draft that does not use hybrid
>>  cryptography" etc., wrote "+1 on Tibor's thoughts".
>> 
>> * I wrote that "an RFC allowing non-hybrid PQ would be incurring
>>  security risks---and frivolously doing so, since ECC+PQ has negligible
>>  extra cost. ... my objection is not limited to the proposal of
>>  non-hybrid ML-KEM in TLS; it also applies to, e.g., the proposal to
>>  use non-hybrid ML-DSA in TLS."
>> 
>> Many objections were already stated by February 2026. The chairs had
>> issued a "last call" for non-hybrid ML-KEM in TLS. 22 people filed
>> objections to that: Andrey Jivsov, Christoph Striecks, Daniel J.
>> Bernstein (me), David Stainton, Fabiana da Pieve, Ivan Visconti, Izzy
>> Grosof, Jacob Appelbaum, John Mattsson, Joshua Nabors, Kurt Roeckx,
>> Ludovic Perret, Muhammed Usama Sardar, Nadim Kobeissi, Nicola Tuveri,
>> Rob Sayre, Simon Josefsson, Stephen Farrell, Tanja Lange, Thomas
>> Bellebaum, Tibor Jager, Watson Ladd. (Quotes and links are collected in
>> https://blog.cr.yp.to/20260405-votes.html.) The rationales stated for
>> many of the objections (not all) were also applicable to non-hybrid
>> ML-DSA in TLS.
>> 
>> Unfortunately, the chairs have never admitted the level of opposition
>> here. They did promise that previously stated positions would be taken
>> into account unless retracted ("If you did not recommend changes, then
>> your position will remain the same, unless you state that you are
>> reconsidering") but they later reneged upon this promise (see below).
>> 
>> In April 2026, despite the level of objections that had already been
>> stated to non-hybrid post-quantum systems in TLS, the chairs suddenly
>> issued their "last call" for non-hybrid ML-DSA in TLS. Beyond the people
>> quoted above _already_ stating categorical objections to non-hybrid
>> post-quantum systems in TLS, objections appeared on list specifically in
>> response to this "last call" from 10 further people: David Stainton,
>> Fabiana Da Pieve, Jacob Appelbaum, Ludovic Perret, Muhammad Usama
>> Sardar, Nicola Tuveri, Simon Josefsson, Stephen Farrell, Tanja Lange,
>> and Thomas Bellebaum.
>> 
>> Given previous behavior by the chairs, I did not trust the chairs to
>> continue counting my objection, so I sent email to the list and to the
>> chairs to object in response to the "last call". The chairs censored
>> this message, so it did not appear on the list, but they certainly
>> received it, and in any case I was already on record objecting.
>> 
>> To summarize, before the end of the specified "last call" period for
>> non-hybrid ML-DSA in TLS, the following 14 people went on record
>> objecting to non-hybrid ML-KEM in TLS _and_ objecting to non-hybrid
>> ML-DSA in TLS:
>> 
>> 1. Christoph Striecks
>> 2. Daniel J. Bernstein (me)
>> 3. David Stainton
>> 4. Fabiana Da Pieve
>> 5. Izzy Grosof
>> 6. Jacob Appelbaum
>> 7. Ludovic Perret
>> 8. Muhammad Usama Sardar
>> 9. Nicola Tuveri
>> 10. Simon Josefsson
>> 11. Stephen Farrell
>> 12. Tanja Lange
>> 13. Thomas Bellebaum
>> 14. Tibor Jager
>> 
>> My understanding is that Sardar's objection was later withdrawn. This
>> does not rescue the chair claim of consensus.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 2. The level of support for this spec
>> 
>> By my count, 37 people stated support for this spec on list before the
>> end of the specified "last call" period. This includes, for example,
>> three Google employees (David Adrian, David Benjamin, and spec coauthor
>> Sophie Schmieg) and an NSA employee whose name has never shown up on the
>> TLS mailing list before (Nicholas Gajcowski).
>> 
>> NSA is on record pressuring its "vendors" to support non-hybrids (for
>> example, regarding non-hybrids, writing "If there is one vendor that
>> produces one product that complies, then that is the product that goes
>> on the compliance list and is approved for use. Our interactions with
>> vendors suggests that this won't be a problem in most cases"). Most,
>> although not all, of these 37 people are employees of NSA's vendors.
>> 
>> This is glaringly corrupt. It is completely contrary to IETF claiming
>> to be a "_neutral_ standards body" in which "participants cannot exert
>> influence as they could in a pay-to-play organization".
>> 
>> A legitimate standards-development organization would have, and would
>> enforce, anti-corruption procedures. IETF instead encourages corruption
>> by ignoring the primary conduits for corruption: for example, IETF says
>> that people participate as individuals, not as company representatives.
>> My understanding is that IETF does not have any mechanism to appeal
>> documented instances of corruption or of an imbalance of interests; I'm
>> hereby asking the ADs to let me know if there is such a mechanism. This
>> complaint instead focuses on the false claim of consensus.
>> 
>> For double-checking, the 37 people are as follows: Andrei Popov,
>> Christopher Patton, Corey Bonnell, Daniel Apon, Daniel Van Geest, David
>> Adrian, David Benjamin, Dennis Jackson, Filippo Valsorda, Ilari
>> Liusvaara, Jack Grigg, Jan Schaumann, John Mattsson, Jonathan Hammell,
>> Joseph Birr-Pixton, Joshua Nabors, Kris Kwiatkowski, Loganaden
>> Velvindron, Marc Penninga, Martin Thomson, Nadim Kobeissi, Nicholas
>> Gajcowski, Peter Campbell, Quynh Dang, Rich Salz, Robert Relyea, Russ
>> Housley, Scott Fluhrer, Soatok Dreamseeker, Sophie Schmieg, Thom
>> Wiggers, Tim Hudson, Tirumal Reddy, Viktor Dukhovni, Wang Giulin, Yaakov
>> Stein, Yaroslav Rosomakho.
>> 
>> 37 people is more than 14 people. However, it is not WG consensus. It is
>> not even WG "rough consensus". What happened here violates IETF rules.
>> See below.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 3. The failure to resolve objections
>> 
>> Many objections were raised on list to non-hybrids in TLS. One
>> objection, a procedural objection to the lack of "FATT" review of this
>> spec, appears to have been resolved.
>> 
>> Many more objections have not been resolved. None of these objections
>> have received a group response. Some objections have received individual
>> responses; others have not. Some of the individual answers obviously
>> cannot reach group agreement.
>> 
>> For example, one proponent answered security objections to non-hybrids
>> by claiming that nobody outside NSA would use non-hybrid ML-KEM in TLS
>> so any breaks will be "not impacting anyone else". Meanwhile another
>> proponent claimed that deploying ECC+ML-KEM in TLS, rather than
>> non-hybrid ML-KEM in TLS, would require a subsequent "large-scale
>> engineering effort" for his company and would "consume literal years of
>> my life". As these quotes illustrate, the case stated for non-hybrids is
>> a pile of wildly incoherent claims regarding what's happening here.
>> 
>> The claims I'm quoting haven't been withdrawn. Both of them are wrong:
>> there's overwhelming evidence that the non-hybrid specs are aimed at
>> changing behavior outside NSA; meanwhile the "large-scale engineering
>> effort" text is attacking a strawman. But my point isn't simply that the
>> case for the spec is full of errors; my point is that _the working
>> group_ hasn't settled on a case for the spec, and hasn't even tried,
>> which is why one finds proponents stating irreconcilable arguments for
>> the spec.
>> 
>> For this complaint, there's no need to go systematically through points
>> and counterpoints (see https://blog.cr.yp.to/20260221-structure.html).
>> One of the requirements of consensus is for _each_ overridden objection
>> to receive an official response (see Section 4 below), so one example of
>> an improperly handled objection shows that there wasn't consensus. RFC
>> 2418 has a more stringent rule, requiring conflicts to be "resolved by a
>> process of open review and discussion" (see Section 6 below).
>> 
>> 
>> ## 4. The lack of consensus
>> 
>> The Longman dictionary says that "consensus" is "an opinion that
>> everyone in a group agrees with or accepts". There are ample resources
>> available such as https://www.seedsforchange.org.uk/shortconsensus
>> explaining the process and value of building consensus, while
>> emphasizing that consensus means unanimous acceptance.
>> 
>> With this concept of consensus, obviously the chairs were wrong in
>> claiming consensus. But this is not the end of the analysis. The word
>> "consensus" can be used in less stringent ways: for example, another
>> source says that "consensus" can be "general agreement : unanimity" or
>> "the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned".
>> 
>> Legitimate standards-development organizations need clear,
>> well-documented procedures to protect against errors and abuse. These
>> organizations converged many years ago on a concept of "consensus" that
>> _can_ allow non-unanimous standards but that still imposes important
>> procedural constraints to protect the interests of minorities. The
>> central requirements are as follows:
>> 
>> * general agreement;
>> * fair consideration of each comment;
>> * a process of attempting to resolve each objection; and
>> * documentation---for any objection that was not resolved but that was
>>  instead overridden by general agreement---of _why_ that objection was
>>  overridden.
>> 
>> For example, the ISO/IEC Directives say "Committees are required to
>> respond to all comments received"; define "consensus" as "General
>> agreement, characterized by the absence of sustained opposition to
>> substantial issues by any important part of the concerned interests and
>> by a process that involves seeking to take into account the views of
>> all parties concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments"; and
>> say "Consensus, which requires the resolution of substantial objections,
>> is an essential procedural principle and a necessary condition for the
>> preparation of International Standards that will be accepted and widely
>> used". Similar comments apply to ANSI, ASME, etc.
>> 
>> _None_ of these requirements were met when the TLS chairs claimed WG
>> consensus to issue an RFC on non-hybrid ML-DSA in TLS:
>> 
>> * The working group did not reach general agreement on this action. The
>>  relevant meaning of "general" from the Longman dictionary is "shared
>>  by or affecting most people, or most of the people in a group"; "most"
>>  means "nearly all of the people or things in a group, or nearly all of
>>  something". 37 people is not "nearly all" of the 51 people who spoke
>>  up---and it's only a small minority of the TLS working group.
>> 
>> * There was not fair consideration of each comment. There was not a
>>  process of attempting to resolve each objection. There was not
>>  documentation, for each objection, of why that objection was
>>  overridden. Fundamentally, conflict resolution was replaced by a
>>  voting process.
>> 
>> When the chairs claimed WG consensus, they were providing false
>> information to essentially all readers, including readers who expect the
>> word "consensus" to mean unanimity, readers who expect it to mean
>> general agreement, and readers familiar with how legitimate
>> standards-development organizations operate.
>> 
>> It doesn't matter here whether another definition of "consensus" for
>> IETF insiders is buried somewhere in IETF documents (I'll discuss "rough
>> consensus" below). IETF management's claims of consensus are _public_
>> statements and need to avoid deceiving a general audience.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 5. The lack of "rough consensus"
>> 
>> RFC 2418 includes some absolute requirements for WG decisions. One of
>> them is to reach at least "rough consensus".
>> 
>> This did not happen for draft-ietf-tls-mldsa. The numbers for this "last
>> call" (37 in favor, 14 opposed) are nothing at all like RFC 2418's
>> example where "100 people in a meeting" reach agreement and "only a few
>> people on the mailing list disagree with the consensus".
>> 
>> RFC 2418 states that "51% of the working group does not qualify" as
>> "rough consensus". This does not merely say that 51% _of the people
>> responding_ does not qualify; it says that 51% _of the working group_
>> does not qualify.
>> 
>> In this case, 37 people is very far below 51% of the TLS working group,
>> so it is very far below the level of support that RFC 2418 says is
>> _still_ not enough. Declaring consensus violated this RFC 2418 rule.
>> Declaring "rough consensus" would also violate this RFC 2418 rule.
>> 
>> (Just to be clear about who counts as part of the WG: IETF says in
>> https://web.archive.org/web/20250603130154/https://www.ietf.org/about/introduction/
>> that "Anyone can participate by signing up to a working group mailing
>> list". RFC 2418 says the same: "Participation is open to all. This
>> participation may be by on-line contribution, attendance at face-to-face
>> sessions, or both. Anyone from the Internet community who has the time
>> and interest is urged to participate in IETF meetings and any of its
>> on-line working group discussions." So, according to the rules, even
>> NSA's Nicholas Gajcowski counts as a participant---as do hundreds of
>> people who _have not_ stated support for this spec.)
>> 
>> Furthermore, saying that "rough consensus" is _required_ doesn't mean
>> that it's _sufficient_. The notion that it's _sufficient_ is directly
>> contradicted by other IETF statements. For example:
>> 
>> * IETF prominently claims that it does not vote.
>> 
>> * IETF also prominently claims that its "decision-making requires
>>  achieving broad consensus".
>> 
>> * Every WG-issued RFC claims "consensus of the IETF community". This
>>  doesn't say "rough". It doesn't say "majority support". It doesn't say
>>  "support of a majority within the people who spoke up on a WG mailing
>>  list during a two-week WG last call".
>> 
>> The chairs claimed consensus. This claim is fraudulent and needs to be
>> retracted for the record. If it is retracted and replaced by a claim
>> that "rough consensus" suffices then the subsequent claim of "consensus
>> of the IETF community" will be fraudulent. My complaint is primarily
>> about the dishonesty here, where a controversial document is being
>> non-consensually rammed through IETF and falsely labeled as consensus.
>> 
>> To be clear, dishonesty is not the only problem here. From a security
>> perspective, security-damaging specs should not be allowed as any type
>> of RFC, even something as minimal as an independent-stream RFC that
>> makes no claims regarding consensus. Purchasing managers frequently
>> specify RFCs without checking the wording of the RFCs.
>> 
>> (On 3 April 2026, Eric Rescorla wrote "I think it's clear that many
>> regard the publication of an RFC by the TLS WG as a form of endorsement,
>> even when Recommended=N ... this is precisely why the publication of
>> some documents has become so controversial". People who don't actually
>> read RFCs won't see "Recommended=N"---and also won't see whether those
>> are WG documents in the first place.)
>> 
>> Having said that: False claims of consensus make the situation much
>> worse, actively deceiving readers regarding what happened. These claims
>> need to be corrected for the record.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 6. Further violations of RFC 2418 and RFC 2026
>> 
>> Another RFC 2418 requirement that has been violated here, perhaps the
>> most fundamental requirement, is the following: "Disputes are possible
>> at various stages during the IETF process. As much as possible the
>> process is designed so that compromises can be made, and genuine
>> consensus achieved; however, there are times when even the most
>> reasonable and knowledgeable people are unable to agree. To achieve the
>> goals of openness and fairness, such conflicts must be resolved by a
>> process of open review and discussion."
>> 
>> This mandated resolution process did not occur here. This isn't just a
>> question of what happened during the April 2026 "last call": most of the
>> objections were already raised earlier and still haven't been resolved.
>> 
>> Part of the responsibility of the chairs is to track disputes and
>> enforce the "must be resolved" rule, so that spec proponents are forced
>> to build consensus. What the chairs have instead been doing is issuing
>> one "last call" after another while not acknowledging most of the
>> objections to these non-hybrid specs.
>> 
>> For rich companies, it's no problem to pay employees to flood the IETF
>> process with redundant support statements (and the costs are even less
>> noticeable since the chairs allow one-line support statements). People
>> acting in the public interest very often can't afford redundant work,
>> and yet the chairs are demanding that objections be stated and explained
>> again and again. RFC 2418 does not allow burdens to be shifted in this
>> way: it requires the WG to resolve objections by a process of open
>> review and discussion.
>> 
>> Furthermore, the chair censorship of my objections violates the openness
>> component of the "open review and discussion" requirement in RFC 2418.
>> The chairs claim, falsely, that my messages are "disruptive". I'm
>> following the RFC 2418 process by raising objections; the chairs are
>> sabotaging this process by censoring objections.
>> 
>> The chairs are also violating RFC 2026. As background, the spec in
>> question is related to (and normatively cites) the TLS 1.3 spec, which
>> is on the IETF standards track. This makes the spec "standards-related",
>> bringing the chair discussion of the spec within RFC 2026's rule that
>> the public record of IETF's "standards-related activity shall include at
>> least the following: ... complete and accurate minutes of meetings; ...
>> all written contributions from participants that pertain to the
>> organization's standards-related activity". Obviously the chairs had a
>> discussion of whether to issue a "last call" and of how to handle the
>> results, but the records of those discussions aren't publicly available.
>> This secrecy makes the appeal process unnecessarily difficult and
>> violates RFC 2026.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 7. Chair mishandling of complaints regarding the consensus claim, part 1
>> 
>> The chairs sent email dated 28 Apr 2026 16:24:37 -0400 stating "The
>> chairs have judged that there is consensus to progress this I-D." The
>> chairs gave no explanation for this astonishing claim.
>> 
>> At least six people (including me) challenged this claim of consensus.
>> For example, Stephen Farrell wrote "that's a terse summary of a
>> surprising conclusion", and Nadim Kobeissi wrote "I voted *for* this
>> draft and even I'm surprised there was consensus."
>> 
>> The chairs responded on 6 May 2026 as follows: "In this case, during
>> WGLC there was an almost 4:1 ratio for progressing this draft, which we
>> judge fits within the numeric 'more than 51% and less than 99%' range
>> suggested by this text for 'rough consensus' and represents the
>> 'dominant view of the working group'."
>> 
>> There are several serious problems with this chair statement:
>> 
>> * Even after the vote-packing by NSA's "vendors", the actual ratio was
>>  37/14, approximately 2.64. Calling this "almost 4:1" is ludicrous.
>> 
>> * Anyone who sees the actual numbers realizes how important the phrase
>>  "during WGLC" is: the chairs are manipulating the numbers by throwing
>>  away objections that were already filed before the WGLC began. This
>>  discarding of objections is grossly improper---as noted above, people
>>  objecting have been forced to state objections again and again and
>>  again---and violates the chairs' specific promise that "If you did not
>>  recommend changes, then your position will remain the same, unless you
>>  state that you are reconsidering". All objections received before the
>>  end of the specified WGLC period must be counted, _including_ the ones
>>  that were already filed _before_ the WGLC was issued.
>> 
>> * Even _with_ the manipulation of numbers to disregard the objections
>>  filed before WGLC by Izzy Grosof, Tibor Jager, and Christoph Striecks,
>>  there were objections from 11 further people _during_ WGLC. The ratio
>>  37/11, approximately 3.36, is not "almost 4:1".
>> 
>> * If the chairs _also_ disregard the objection that I sent to the list
>>  during WGLC and that the chairs censored, then the ratio turns into
>>  37/10 = 3.7, which in isolation can defensibly be described as "almost
>>  4:1". But normal readers seeing the chairs claiming "an almost 4:1
>>  ratio for progressing this draft" would be astonished to learn that
>>  this relies on the chairs unilaterally disregarding some objections.
>> 
>> * The chairs didn't provide the lists of names that supposedly justify
>>  their claims about what happened. It's already inexcusably error-prone
>>  that the chairs didn't list names from the outset for something that
>>  wasn't unanimous. After WG participants challenged the chair claim of
>>  consensus, continuing to hide the lists was an assault against the
>>  concept of independent review of chair actions.
>> 
>> * RFC 2418 says that "51% of the working group does not qualify as
>>  'rough consensus' and 99% is better than rough". The chairs fabricated
>>  a quote "more than 51% and less than 99%" (in quotation marks). Notice
>>  that this omits "of the working group". The chairs falsely portrayed
>>  the RFC 2418 rule as referring merely to percentages of the people
>>  who spoke up. This fabrication by the chairs is important because, as
>>  noted above, 37 people is above 51% of the people who spoke up but far
>>  below 51% of the working group.
>> 
>> * As a separate issue, allowing anything "within the ... range" means
>>  that 51.1% is okay since 51.1% is above 51%. But that's an insane
>>  interpretation of RFC 2418. RFC 2418 says that "99% is better than
>>  rough"; it gives an example where "100 people in a meeting" reach
>>  agreement and "only a few people on the mailing list disagree with the
>>  consensus"; the fact that RFC 2418 considers only such extreme cases
>>  suggests a 95% cutoff. The choice of examples in RFC 2418 would make
>>  no sense if 51.1%---or 72.5%---were acceptable.
>> 
>> * To the extent that there are ambiguities in RFC 2418 being exploited
>>  by the chairs, that's a due-process violation and an abuse of power.
>>  Standardization needs to follow clear rules, not dictators.
>> 
>> Back in 2014, the IETF subsidiary IRTF refused to remove an NSA employee
>> as co-chair of CFRG. This refusal was by the IRTF chair, who quoted IRTF
>> rules stating that co-chairs "perform the administrative functions of
>> the group", and who concluded that "co-chairs are little more than group
>> secretaries. Their ability to influence the technical work of the group
>> is little different from that of any other group participant". (See
>> <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/cfrg/Aqe9HaZQ4JStGeXeWujt6hLS6uU/>.)
>> 
>> But IETF rules, just like IRTF rules, state that co-chairs merely
>> "perform the administrative functions of the group"! See RFC 2418.
>> 
>> If the TLS WG chairs can declare "consensus" on a controversial
>> document, then it's _not_ true that they are merely performing
>> "administrative functions", it's _not_ true that they are "little more
>> than group secretaries", and it's _not_ true that their "ability to
>> influence the technical work of the group is little different from that
>> of any other group participant".
>> 
>> I agree with the chairs that RFC 2418 says that "the dominant view of
>> the working group shall prevail". However, trying to use this to justify
>> a decision is circular: the relevant meaning of the word "dominant" is
>> "commanding, controlling, or prevailing over all others". More to the
>> point, this cannot justify violating clear RFC 2418 rules, exaggerating
>> the level of support for the spec, and falsely claiming consensus.
>> 
>> 
>> ## 8. Chair mishandling of complaints regarding the consensus claim, part 2
>> 
>> The 6 May 2026 message from the chairs continued as follows: "In
>> assessing rough consensus, we also considered the nature of the
>> objections. In reviewing the list traffic, the majority of objections
>> related to the status of pure MLDSA versus composite MLDSA-ECC,
>> including (1) we should not publish a pure MLDSA specification at all;
>> (2) we should recommend composites over pure MLDSA; (3) we should
>> publish the composite and pure MLDSA specifications concurrently."
>> 
>> WG consensus requires general WG agreement, fair WG consideration of
>> each comment, a WG process of attempting to resolve each objection,
>> etc.; see Section 4 above. Merely having the chairs describe objections
>> falls far short of this.
>> 
>> Furthermore, what the chairs wrote here is merely a summary of possible
>> ways forward, not a summary of objections to the specific option that
>> the chairs are pushing. There is no evidence backing up the chair claim
>> to have "considered the nature of the objections". A reader cannot even
>> see from the chair messages that there are _security_ objections to the
>> spec at issue.
>> 
>> The chairs continued with generic claims that "the discussion on-list
>> sufficiently aired the respective points of view", that "the right
>> approach is fundamentally a judgment call", and that the chairs "see no
>> reason to believe that participants were not able to make informed
>> judgements".
>> 
>> In fact, for this spec, there was not sufficient airing of the
>> respective points of view. Some ad-hoc arguments for this spec,
>> supposedly very important arguments, were suddenly raised during WGLC,
>> not leaving enough time for resolution. For example:
>> 
>> * During WGLC there were suddenly claims on list that for double-signing
>>  with ECC+PQ the "complexity cost is vastly higher than hybrid key
>>  exchange" since "Composite keys leak all over the API and
>>  application/configuration layer" and these keys complicate "X.509
>>  authentication"; "Having to store and apply two keys at the same time
>>  will, as Filippo pointed out, propagate throughout the entire
>>  library"; "enormous API complications"; "makes the cost of this
>>  security blanket much higher"; etc.
>> 
>> * There were responses saying that, no, this supposed complexity
>>  difference does not exist; the API and the calling code use ECC+PQ in
>>  exactly the same way that they would use non-hybrid PQ; "Of course it
>>  would internally have multiple keys, but that's no different from
>>  existing algorithms whose keys have multiple components (e.g., RSA)";
>>  "in no case would you have to explicitly worry about multiple keys at
>>  the application layer"; "I implemented Composite ML-DSA in an OpenSSL
>>  provider and it Just Worked. No X.509 changes. No TLS changes.";
>>  "crazy amount of mis-understanding of composites on display here";
>>  etc.
>> 
>> This debate wasn't resolved. Bogus complexity claims from proponents of
>> the spec were not retracted. Instead proponents ran out the clock, using
>> a time-limited voting process to skip resolution. The complexity debate
>> is just one example; various further arguments that suddenly appeared
>> during WGLC didn't even have time for discussion.
>> 
>> RFC 2418 requires conflicts to be "resolved by a process of open review
>> and discussion". It does _not_ say "resolved by a process of open review
>> and discussion or, alternatively, ignored because of time limits imposed
>> by the chairs". Having resolution sabotaged by a WGLC time limit
>> violates RFC 2418.
>> 
>> I agree with the chairs that _some_ objections were sufficiently aired.
>> They were aired _by 14 people_ (see list of names above). There wasn't
>> general WG agreement; ergo, there wasn't WG consensus.
>> 
>> The chairs have never admitted the level of opposition. Their "almost
>> 4:1" claim wildly exaggerates the level of support.
>> 
>> The fact that objections were aired is also what triggers further
>> requirements that were violated here, including
>> 
>> * the consensus requirement to _try_ to resolve objections,
>> * the consensus requirement to document an official response to any
>>  unresolved objection that is overridden by general agreement, and
>> * the RFC 2418 requirement to _resolve_ objections.
>> 
>> Instead of addressing the question of whether there was consensus (and
>> the rules question of whether RFC 2418 was obeyed), the chairs wandered
>> off into generic claims about people making their own decisions. And yet
>> the chairs closed by insisting that there was consensus.
>> 
>> Three minutes after sending that message, the chairs sent email to one
>> of the security ADs requesting "publication of draft-ietf-tls-mldsa-03"
>> and falsely describing this as "on behalf of the TLS working group".
>> 
>> 
>> ## 9. Next steps
>> 
>> We are now past the "first discuss the matter with the Working Group's
>> chair(s)" procedure in RFC 2026, Section 6.5. RFC 2026 provides an
>> appeal provision: "If the disagreement cannot be resolved in this way,
>> any of the parties involved may bring it to the attention of the Area
>> Director(s) for the area in which the Working Group is chartered. The
>> Area Director(s) shall attempt to resolve the dispute."
>> 
>> One of the unfortunate aspects of this provision is the extreme nature
>> of the phrasing "cannot be resolved". The chairs did not explicitly say
>> that they were terminating the discussion, and did not say that this can
>> now be appealed to the ADs. But the chairs insisted on their (wrong)
>> position and took (improper) action on that basis---triggering a final
>> IESG "last call" with a time limit of mere weeks.
>> 
>> The chairs cannot be allowed to sabotage the independent review
>> mechanisms described in RFC 2026. Consequently, the chair action has to
>> be treated as terminating the discussion and allowing an appeal to the
>> ADs---in particular, allowing this complaint to the ADs.
>> 
>> Regarding "any of the parties involved may bring it to the attention of
>> the Area Director(s) for the area in which the Working Group is
>> chartered": I am one of the parties involved, and I am hereby bringing
>> this matter to the attention of both of "the Area Director(s)" for the
>> security area.
>> 
>> RFC 2026 clearly requires _both_ of the ADs to attempt to resolve the
>> dispute ("The Area Director(s) shall attempt to resolve the dispute"). I
>> am aware that IESG has attempted to sabotage the plural "(s)" in this
>> rule, but IESG has no authority under RFC 2026 to do this.
>> 
>> Finally, I am hereby requesting that the AD coming from NSA recuse
>> herself in favor of an independent party (so this matter will be handled
>> by the other security AD and someone else, obviously _not_ a defense
>> contractor). My understanding is that the AD is continuing to receive
>> pension payments from NSA, so recusal should be automatic even without
>> consideration of revolving-door concepts.
>> 
>> ---D. J. Bernstein
>> 
>> 
>> ===== NOTICES =====
>> 
>> IETF BCP 78, "Rights Contributors Provide to the IETF Trust", Section 5
>> (normative), "Rights in Contributions", provides a modification right
>> "unless explicitly disallowed in the notices contained in a Contribution
>> (in the form specified by the Legend Instructions)".
>> 
>> The official language from IETF's "Legend Instructions" for the
>> situation that "the Contributor does not wish to allow modifications nor
>> to allow publication as an RFC" is as follows: "This document may not be
>> modified, and derivative works of it may not be created, and it may not
>> be published except as an Internet-Draft."
>> <https://trustee.ietf.org/wp-content/uploads/Corrected-TLP-5.0-legal-provsions.pdf>
>> 
>> The same language is used in, e.g., RFC 5831. The same language hereby
>> applies to this document. This is not disclaiming or limiting the
>> applicability of IETF policies; it is strictly following IETF policies.
>> 
>> Rationale: I'm fine with redistribution of copies of this document. The
>> issue is with modification, such as (1) IESG's May 2025 posting of an
>> IESG-mangled version of an appeal that I had filed and (2) IETF
>> management selling IETF mailing-list text to AI companies.
>> 
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