After some experimentation I've found that with no 'linux-image-extra-
virtual' package installed (whether it's installed or not makes no
difference) and all other package versions at the same level the command
does work when the backing store is specified as 'overlayfs' instead of
'overlay'.

root@lxchost-xenial3:~# lxc-copy --name=cache --newname overlayfs1 -B overlayfs 
--snapshot
root@lxchost-xenial3:~# grep rootfs /var/lib/lxc/overlayfs1/config
lxc.rootfs = overlayfs:/var/lib/lxc/cache/rootfs:/var/lib/lxc/overlayfs1/delta0
lxc.rootfs.backend = overlayfs
root@lxchost-xenial3:~# grep overlay /proc/filesystems
nodev   overlayfs
nodev   overlay
root@lxchost-xenial3:~# lxc-copy --name=cache --newname overlayfs2 -B overlay 
--snapshot
lxc-copy: bdev/bdev.c: bdev_copy: 381 no such block device type: overlay
lxc-copy: lxccontainer.c: copy_storage: 2844 Error copying storage.
clone failed

So it would appear that the backing store is supported, but the man page
and the tooling do not match in functionality.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1591513

Title:
  lxc-copy: bdev/bdev.c: bdev_copy: 381 no such block device type:
  overlay

Status in lxc package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  Description: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
  Release: 16.04

  lxc:
    Installed: 2.0.1-0ubuntu1~16.04.1
  linux-image-virtual:
    Installed: 4.4.0.24.25
  linux-image-extra-virtual:
    Installed: 4.4.0.24.25

  Man ref:
  http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/lxc-copy.1.html

  Problem:
  The man package references 'overlay' as a backing storage type, but when the 
following command is executed:

  lxc-copy --name=cache --newname overlayfs1 -B overlay --snapshot

  The result is:
  lxc-copy: bdev/bdev.c: bdev_copy: 381 no such block device type: overlay
  lxc-copy: lxccontainer.c: copy_storage: 2844 Error copying storage.
  clone failed

  Expected result:
  An overlay snapshot should be created.

  Existing workaround:
  Use the deprecated lxc-clone command instead:
  lxc-clone --snapshot --backingstore overlayfs --orig cache --new overlayfs1

  Steps to recreate:
  apt-get update && apt-get install -y lxc
  lxc-create --name=cache --template=download -- --dist ubuntu --release trusty 
--arch amd64
  lxc-copy --name=cache --newname overlayfs1 -B overlay --snapshot

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