It's not a bug and man page ping6(8) mentions it:
---------------
-I interface
For IPv6, when doing ping to
a link-local scope address, link specification (by the '%'-nota‐
tion in destination, or by this option) is required.
---------------

However the error message "connect: Invalid argument" (with no help) is
very confusing and I believe many people need to google this issue.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1075424

Title:
  ping6 does not understand IPv6 addresses

Status in iputils package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid

Bug description:
  I cannot figure out what the problem is, but ping6 doesn't understand
  IPv6 addresses, except for the "local" IPs.

  $ ifconfig eth0
  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 70:5a:b6:<blah>
            inet addr:192.168.0.25  Bcast:192.168.0.63  Mask:255.255.255.192
            inet6 addr: fe80::725a:b6ff:fef3:4d60/64 Scope:Link

  $ ping6 ::1 -c 1
  PING ::1(::1) 56 data bytes
  64 bytes from ::1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms

  $ ping6 fe80::725a:b6ff:fef3:4d60
  connect: Invalid argument

  strace:
  connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(1025), inet_pton(AF_INET6, 
"fe80::725a:b6ff:fef3:4d60", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=0, sin6_scope_id=0}, 
28) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
  dup(2)                                  = 4
  fcntl(4, F_GETFL)                       = 0x8002 (flags O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE)
  fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0600, st_rdev=makedev(136, 12), ...}) = 0
  mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 
0x7ff83d761000
  lseek(4, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
  write(4, "connect: Invalid argument\n", 26connect: Invalid argument
  ) = 26
  close(4)

  I haven't been able to ping any IPv6 addresses for about a year.

  Tried on a fresh server install:
  $ ping6 -c 1 fe80::21d:9ff:feb6:1231
  connect: Invalid argument

  $ route -n46
  Kernel IP routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
  0.0.0.0         192.168.0.2     0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
  10.0.3.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 lxcbr0
  169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 eth0
  192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.192 U     0      0        0 eth0
  192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.192 U     0      0        0 eth1
  Kernel IPv6 routing table
  Destination                    Next Hop                   Flag Met Ref Use If
  2001::/32                      ::                         U    256 0     0 
teredo
  fe80::/64                      ::                         U    256 0     0 
eth1
  fe80::/64                      ::                         U    256 0     0 
eth0
  fe80::/64                      ::                         U    256 0     0 
lxcbr0
  fe80::/64                      ::                         U    256 0     0 
teredo
  ::/0                           ::                         U    1029 0     0 
teredo
  ::/0                           ::                         !n   -1  1  1206 lo
  ::1/128                        ::                         Un   0   1    33 lo
  2001:0:53aa:64c:2044:3165:a13e:bbf8/128 ::                         Un   0   1 
    0 lo
  fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff/128       ::                         Un   0   1     0 lo
  fe80::725a:b6ff:fef3:4d60/128  ::                         Un   0   1     0 lo
  fe80::7ae4:ff:fe14:9eb5/128    ::                         Un   0   1     0 lo
  fe80::f48c:52ff:fea5:50c2/128  ::                         Un   0   1     0 lo
  ff00::/8                       ::                         U    256 0     0 
eth1
  ff00::/8                       ::                         U    256 0     0 
eth0
  ff00::/8                       ::                         U    256 0     0 
lxcbr0
  ff00::/8                       ::                         U    256 0     0 
teredo
  ::/0                           ::                         !n   -1  1  1206 lo

  Although, this doesn't appear to be a routing issue.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 12.04
  Package: iputils-ping 3:20101006-1ubuntu1
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.2.0-32.51-generic 3.2.30
  Uname: Linux 3.2.0-32-generic x86_64
  NonfreeKernelModules: fglrx wl
  ApportVersion: 2.0.1-0ubuntu14
  Architecture: amd64
  Date: Tue Nov  6 06:11:13 2012
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 11.04 "Natty Narwhal" - Release amd64 (20110427.1)
  ProcEnviron:
   LANGUAGE=en_GB:en
   TERM=xterm
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
   SHELL=/bin/bash
  SourcePackage: iputils
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

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