** Merge proposal linked:
   
https://code.launchpad.net/~lvoytek/ubuntu/+source/dnsmasq/+git/dnsmasq/+merge/431606

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1981794

Title:
  Duplicate/retried DNS queries fail with REFUSED (Fixed in upstream)

Status in dnsmasq package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in dnsmasq source package in Jammy:
  In Progress
Status in dnsmasq source package in Kinetic:
  Fix Released

Bug description:
  [Impact]

  When a DNS query fails to complete and the system retries it,
  subsequent copies of the query will be refused by dnsmasq. The client
  will automatically receive the REFUSED return value without a retry
  attempt.

  Adding this fix will stop dnsmasq from unnecessarily breaking
  connections, especially for situations where an internet connection is
  flaky.

  This bug is fixed by patching in an upstream commit -
  https://thekelleys.org.uk/gitweb/?p=dnsmasq.git;a=commit;h=2561f9fe0eb9c0be
  - which allows retried DNS requests through rather than refusing them.

  [Test Plan]

  To test the error with lxd, run the following:

  # lxc launch images:ubuntu/jammy test-dnsmasq
  # lxc exec test-dnsmasq bash

  # apt update && apt dist-upgrade -y
  # systemctl disable systemd-resolved
  # systemctl stop systemd-resolved
  # unlink /etc/resolv.conf
  # echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 | tee /etc/resolv.conf
  # apt install dnsutils dnsmasq -y
  # systemctl enable dnsmasq

  Access internet through dnsmasq, flaky internet can be modeled by
  disconnecting from router, etc. This will lead to denial of DNS query
  retries.

  [Where problems could occur]

  This change was added upstream in version 2.87, which means it has not
  been tested in many situations alongside 2.86. Allowing the retries
  could lead to a flood of requests to remote DNS servers if the replies
  are unable to make it back through dnsmasq to the user.

  [Other Info]
   
  This bug was fixed in Kinetic in version 2.86-1.1ubuntu2.

  [Original Description]

  Duplicate or retried DNS queries will return REFUSED for one of the
  queries causing intermittent failures in clients.

  This probably breaks lots of things, but for me is causing 22.04's
  internet connection sharing to be unstable. It's particularly bad for
  my Xbox which seems to like sending duplicate queries.

  Here's an example capture:
  22:37:25.308212 IP 10.42.0.16.54248 > 10.42.0.1.53: 22442+ A? 
title.auth.xboxlive.com. (41)
  22:37:25.332711 IP 10.42.0.16.54248 > 10.42.0.1.53: 22442+ A? 
title.auth.xboxlive.com. (41)
  22:37:25.332740 IP 10.42.0.1.53 > 10.42.0.16.54248: 22442 Refused 0/0/0 (41)
  22:37:25.353003 IP 10.42.0.1.53 > 10.42.0.16.54248: 22442 2/0/0 CNAME 
title.auth.xboxlive.com.akadns.net., A 40.64.90.82 (105)

  This has been fixed in upstream as of Sept 2021 in the unreleased 2.87
  version. It's apparently a regression in version 2.86 (also released
  in Sept 2021). Ubuntu 22.04 and later all use the broken 2.86 version.

  Upstream fix:
  
https://thekelleys.org.uk/gitweb/?p=dnsmasq.git;a=commit;h=2561f9fe0eb9c0be1df48da1e2bd3d3feaa138c2

  Upstream bug thread:
  
https://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=dnsmasq-discuss%40lists.thekelleys.org.uk&q=subject:%22%5C%5BDnsmasq%5C-discuss%5C%5D+REFUSED+after+dropped+packets%22&o=oldest&f=1

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