Public bug reported:

When running apt-get from a script (or command line), I see a different
list of packages to be held back / upgraded vs when I run apt.

I am running Kubuntu 23.04. The version of apt and apt-get I first noticed the 
problem in is 2.6.0ubuntu0.1
I also see the problem on my servers running Ubuntu 22.04.3 with apt and 
apt-get version 2.4.10.
I upgraded my copy on Kubuntu 23.04 to 2.7.6 through the launchpad.net ppa 
deity/sid (actually version 2.7.6+0~202309200852~ubuntu23.04.1) and the problem 
remains.

I've spent a few hours looking for the correct place to search for this
being already reported and have reviewed recent commits at
https://salsa.debian.org/apt-team/apt. I'm hesitant but I do not see any
other mention of this issue. I have tried deleting my /var/cache/apt and
running apt update. To duplicate the issue one needs to have an Ubuntu
version that has not yet received the update to linux-headers-6.2.0-34,
et al. I attempted to duplicate the issue on a fresh install of Ubuntu
Desktop 23.04, but discovered that the system is upgraded to linux
6.2.0-34 during the install process. Please see the output of the apt-
get and apt commands below.

$ apt-get update
Hit:1 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar InRelease
Hit:2 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar-updates InRelease                     
                                                 
Hit:3 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar-backports InRelease                   
                                                 
Hit:4 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu lunar InRelease                  
                                                 
Hit:5 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar-security InRelease                    
                                                 
Hit:6 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease                 
                                                 
Hit:7 https://repo.steampowered.com/steam stable InRelease                      
                                                 
Hit:8 https://pkg.cloudflareclient.com jammy InRelease                          
                                                 
Hit:9 https://download.sublimetext.com apt/stable/ InRelease                    
                                                 
Get:10 https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/ubuntu jammy InRelease                 
                                                 
Ign:11 https://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease                     
                                                 
Hit:12 https://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release                       
                                                 
Hit:13 https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian jammy InRelease        
                                                 
Ign:16 https://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge InRelease          
                                                 
Hit:17 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/cappelikan/ppa/ubuntu lunar InRelease   
                                           
Hit:18 https://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge Release            
                                                 
Hit:21 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/teejee2008/foss/ubuntu lunar InRelease  
                                                 
Hit:14 https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/ubuntu lunar InRelease            
                                                 
Hit:15 https://packagecloud.io/eugeny/tabby/ubuntu jammy InRelease              
                                                 
Hit:22 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/cubic-wizard/release/ubuntu lunar 
InRelease                                              
Hit:23 https://repo.waydro.id bullseye InRelease                                
     
Hit:24 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deity/sid/ubuntu lunar InRelease        
     
Hit:25 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu lunar InRelease
Fetched 6,557 B in 3s (2,503 B/s)                              
Reading package lists... Done

$ apt-get upgrade --assume-no
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed linux-generic linux-headers-generic 
linux-image-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
  code freerdp2-x11 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp-server2-2 libfreerdp2-2 
libwinpr2-2
6 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 97.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 1,480 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
Abort.

$ apt upgrade --assume-no
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  linux-headers-6.2.0-34 linux-headers-6.2.0-34-generic 
linux-image-6.2.0-34-generic linux-modules-6.2.0-34-generic
  linux-modules-extra-6.2.0-34-generic
The following packages have been kept back:
  grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed
The following packages will be upgraded:
  code freerdp2-x11 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp-server2-2 libfreerdp2-2 
libwinpr2-2 linux-generic linux-headers-generic
  linux-image-generic
9 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
8 standard LTS security updates
Need to get 225 MB of archives.
After this operation, 688 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
Abort.

** Affects: apt (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2038490

Title:
  Apt and apt-get reporting different lists of packages to be held
  back/upgraded

Status in apt package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  When running apt-get from a script (or command line), I see a
  different list of packages to be held back / upgraded vs when I run
  apt.

  I am running Kubuntu 23.04. The version of apt and apt-get I first noticed 
the problem in is 2.6.0ubuntu0.1
  I also see the problem on my servers running Ubuntu 22.04.3 with apt and 
apt-get version 2.4.10.
  I upgraded my copy on Kubuntu 23.04 to 2.7.6 through the launchpad.net ppa 
deity/sid (actually version 2.7.6+0~202309200852~ubuntu23.04.1) and the problem 
remains.

  I've spent a few hours looking for the correct place to search for
  this being already reported and have reviewed recent commits at
  https://salsa.debian.org/apt-team/apt. I'm hesitant but I do not see
  any other mention of this issue. I have tried deleting my
  /var/cache/apt and running apt update. To duplicate the issue one
  needs to have an Ubuntu version that has not yet received the update
  to linux-headers-6.2.0-34, et al. I attempted to duplicate the issue
  on a fresh install of Ubuntu Desktop 23.04, but discovered that the
  system is upgraded to linux 6.2.0-34 during the install process.
  Please see the output of the apt-get and apt commands below.

  $ apt-get update
  Hit:1 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar InRelease
  Hit:2 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar-updates InRelease                   
                                                   
  Hit:3 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar-backports InRelease                 
                                                   
  Hit:4 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu lunar InRelease                
                                                   
  Hit:5 http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/ubuntu lunar-security InRelease                  
                                                   
  Hit:6 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease               
                                                   
  Hit:7 https://repo.steampowered.com/steam stable InRelease                    
                                                   
  Hit:8 https://pkg.cloudflareclient.com jammy InRelease                        
                                                   
  Hit:9 https://download.sublimetext.com apt/stable/ InRelease                  
                                                   
  Get:10 https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/ubuntu jammy InRelease               
                                                   
  Ign:11 https://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease                   
                                                   
  Hit:12 https://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release                     
                                                   
  Hit:13 https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian jammy InRelease      
                                                   
  Ign:16 https://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge InRelease        
                                                   
  Hit:17 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/cappelikan/ppa/ubuntu lunar InRelease 
                                             
  Hit:18 https://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge Release          
                                                   
  Hit:21 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/teejee2008/foss/ubuntu lunar 
InRelease                                                   
  Hit:14 https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/ubuntu lunar InRelease          
                                                   
  Hit:15 https://packagecloud.io/eugeny/tabby/ubuntu jammy InRelease            
                                                   
  Hit:22 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/cubic-wizard/release/ubuntu lunar 
InRelease                                              
  Hit:23 https://repo.waydro.id bullseye InRelease                              
       
  Hit:24 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deity/sid/ubuntu lunar InRelease      
       
  Hit:25 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu lunar InRelease
  Fetched 6,557 B in 3s (2,503 B/s)                              
  Reading package lists... Done

  $ apt-get upgrade --assume-no
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree... Done
  Reading state information... Done
  Calculating upgrade... Done
  The following packages have been kept back:
    grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed linux-generic 
linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
  The following packages will be upgraded:
    code freerdp2-x11 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp-server2-2 libfreerdp2-2 
libwinpr2-2
  6 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
  Need to get 97.1 MB of archives.
  After this operation, 1,480 kB of additional disk space will be used.
  Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
  Abort.

  $ apt upgrade --assume-no
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree... Done
  Reading state information... Done
  Calculating upgrade... Done
  The following NEW packages will be installed:
    linux-headers-6.2.0-34 linux-headers-6.2.0-34-generic 
linux-image-6.2.0-34-generic linux-modules-6.2.0-34-generic
    linux-modules-extra-6.2.0-34-generic
  The following packages have been kept back:
    grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed
  The following packages will be upgraded:
    code freerdp2-x11 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp-server2-2 libfreerdp2-2 
libwinpr2-2 linux-generic linux-headers-generic
    linux-image-generic
  9 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
  8 standard LTS security updates
  Need to get 225 MB of archives.
  After this operation, 688 MB of additional disk space will be used.
  Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
  Abort.

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