I mention it only for the purposes of testing and for keeping this
ticket informed, i was not suggesting you run production on latest/edge
naturally.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2046486

Title:
  units with credentials fail in LXD containers

Status in cloud-images:
  Confirmed
Status in lxd:
  New
Status in lxd package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Committed
Status in samba package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in systemd package in Ubuntu:
  Triaged

Bug description:
  Many units shipped by systemd use credentials in some way by default
  now (in v256). So this issue is now about much more than the original
  test case failure.

  For example,

  root@oracular:~# apt policy systemd
  systemd:
    Installed: 256-1ubuntu1
    Candidate: 256-1ubuntu1
    Version table:
   *** 256-1ubuntu1 100
          100 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu oracular-proposed/main amd64 
Packages
          100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
       255.4-1ubuntu8 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu oracular/main amd64 Packages
  root@oracular:~# for service in $(find /usr/lib/systemd/system -maxdepth 1 
-name "systemd-*.service"); do grep -q "Credential.*=" "$service" && echo 
"$service"; done
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-sysusers.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-firstboot.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-network-generator.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-sysctl.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-udev-load-credentials.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service

  root@oracular:~# systemctl status systemd-sysusers.service 
systemd-resolved.service systemd-firstboot.service 
systemd-network-generator.service systemd-journald.service 
systemd-sysctl.service systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service 
systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service 
systemd-udev-load-credentials.service systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service 
systemd-networkd.service
  ○ systemd-sysusers.service - Create System Users
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-sysusers.service; static)
       Active: inactive (dead)
    Condition: start condition unmet at Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 1min 0s ago
               ├─ ConditionNeedsUpdate=|/etc was not met
               └─ ConditionCredential=|sysusers.extra was not met
         Docs: man:sysusers.d(5)
               man:systemd-sysusers.service(8)

  × systemd-resolved.service - Network Name Resolution
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service; 
enabled; preset: enabled)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:49 UTC; 
59s ago
   Invocation: b1aaa662750f48868fe3388e4524c462
         Docs: man:systemd-resolved.service(8)
               man:org.freedesktop.resolve1(5)
               https://systemd.io/WRITING_NETWORK_CONFIGURATION_MANAGERS
               https://systemd.io/WRITING_RESOLVER_CLIENTS
      Process: 258 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved (code=exited, 
status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 258 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)

  ○ systemd-firstboot.service - First Boot Wizard
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-firstboot.service; 
static)
       Active: inactive (dead)
    Condition: start condition unmet at Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 59s ago
               └─ ConditionFirstBoot=yes was not met
         Docs: man:systemd-firstboot(1)

  ○ systemd-network-generator.service - Generate network units from Kernel 
command line
       Loaded: loaded 
(/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-network-generator.service; disabled; preset: 
enabled)
       Active: inactive (dead)
         Docs: man:systemd-network-generator.service(8)

  × systemd-journald.service - Journal Service
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service; static)
      Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service.d
               └─nice.conf
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 
1min 0s ago
   Invocation: 7caace7a15c749f3a86fb15fcfb94dff
  TriggeredBy: × systemd-journald-dev-log.socket
               × systemd-journald.socket
               ○ systemd-journald-audit.socket
         Docs: man:systemd-journald.service(8)
               man:journald.conf(5)
      Process: 124 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald (code=exited, 
status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 124 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     FD Store: 0 (limit: 4224)

  × systemd-sysctl.service - Apply Kernel Variables
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-sysctl.service; static)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 
1min 0s ago
   Invocation: 5e90310a27b043ceae80c96e35c41451
         Docs: man:systemd-sysctl.service(8)
               man:sysctl.d(5)
      Process: 97 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl (code=exited, 
status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 97 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)

  × systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service - Create Static Device Nodes in 
/dev gracefully
       Loaded: loaded 
(/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service; static)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 
1min 0s ago
   Invocation: 78e3c68cfa9a4a7982950b08c0f1385f
         Docs: man:tmpfiles.d(5)
               man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
      Process: 73 ExecStart=systemd-tmpfiles --prefix=/dev --create --boot 
--graceful (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 73 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)

  × systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service - Create Static Device Nodes in /dev
       Loaded: loaded 
(/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service; static)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 
1min 0s ago
   Invocation: 46458c7b6e134ef8be299900db7cc288
         Docs: man:tmpfiles.d(5)
               man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
      Process: 98 ExecStart=systemd-tmpfiles --prefix=/dev --create --boot 
(code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 98 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)

  × systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service - Create Volatile Files and Directories
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service; 
static)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 
1min 0s ago
   Invocation: f4e64afdc8774170a9b29b8cf2919f46
         Docs: man:tmpfiles.d(5)
               man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
      Process: 147 ExecStart=systemd-tmpfiles --create --remove --boot 
--exclude-prefix=/dev (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 147 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)

  × systemd-udev-load-credentials.service - Load udev Rules from Credentials
       Loaded: loaded 
(/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-udev-load-credentials.service; disabled; 
preset: enabled)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:48 UTC; 
1min 0s ago
   Invocation: cb5a1f43cde248de80fcf701b4b5d381
         Docs: man:udevadm(8)
               man:udev(7)
               man:systemd.system-credentials(7)
      Process: 75 ExecStart=udevadm control --load-credentials (code=exited, 
status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 75 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)

  ○ systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service - Cleanup of Temporary Directories
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service; 
static)
       Active: inactive (dead)
  TriggeredBy: ● systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
         Docs: man:tmpfiles.d(5)
               man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)

  × systemd-networkd.service - Network Configuration
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; 
enabled; preset: enabled)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-06-24 18:58:49 UTC; 
59s ago
   Invocation: 5d960369ea944d5cbac4382e42ded1d0
  TriggeredBy: × systemd-networkd.socket
         Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
               man:org.freedesktop.network1(5)
      Process: 280 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-networkd (code=exited, 
status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     Main PID: 280 (code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS)
     FD Store: 0 (limit: 512)

  
  [Original Description]

  To demonstrate this, in an unprivileged LXD container, create the
  following unit (taken from the systemd test suite):

  $ cat > /etc/systemd/system/exec-set-credential.service << EOF
  # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
  [Unit]
  Description=Test for SetCredential=

  [Service]
  ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'test "$$(cat %d/test-execute.set-credential)" = 
"hoge"'
  ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -x -c 'test "$$(cat %d/test-execute.set-credential)" = 
"hoge"'
  ExecStop=/bin/sh -x -c 'test "$$(cat %d/test-execute.set-credential)" = 
"hoge"'
  ExecStopPost=/bin/sh -x -c 'test "$$(cat %d/test-execute.set-credential)" = 
"hoge"'
  Type=oneshot
  SetCredential=test-execute.set-credential:hoge
  EOF
  $ systemctl daemon-reload
  $ systemctl start exec-set-credential.service
  Job for exec-set-credential.service failed because the control process exited 
with error code.
  See "systemctl status exec-set-credential.service" and "journalctl -xeu 
exec-set-credential.service" for details.

  With debug logs enabled, we see:

  $ journalctl -u exec-set-credential.service -b --no-pager
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Trying to 
enqueue job exec-set-credential.service/start/replace
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Installed new 
job exec-set-credential.service/start as 2740
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Enqueued job 
exec-set-credential.service/start as 2740
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Will spawn 
child (service_enter_start): /bin/sh
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Failed to set 
'trusted.invocation_id' xattr on control group 
/system.slice/exec-set-credential.service, ignoring: Operation not permitted
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Failed to 
remove 'trusted.delegate' xattr flag on control group 
/system.slice/exec-set-credential.service, ignoring: Operation not permitted
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Failed to 
remove 'trusted.survive_final_kill_signal' xattr flag on control group 
/system.slice/exec-set-credential.service, ignoring: Operation not permitted
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Passing 0 fds 
to service
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: About to 
execute: /bin/sh -x -c "test \"1031(cat 
/run/credentials/exec-set-credential.service/test-execute.set-credential)\" = 
\"hoge\""
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Forked /bin/sh 
as 2183
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2183]: PR_SET_MM_ARG_START failed: Operation not 
permitted
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2183]: Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/, full 
unified hierarchy
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2183]: Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/, full 
unified hierarchy
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Changed dead 
-> start
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: Starting exec-set-credential.service - Test 
for SetCredential=...
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2183]: Successfully forked off '(sd-mkdcreds)' as 
PID 2184.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sd-[2184]: Changing mount propagation /dev 
(MS_REC|MS_SLAVE "")
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sd-[2184]: Mounting ramfs (ramfs) on /dev/shm 
(MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NOSYMFOLLOW "mode=0700")...
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sd-[2184]: Changing mount flags /dev/shm 
(MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_NOEXEC|MS_REMOUNT|MS_NOSYMFOLLOW|MS_BIND "")...
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sd-[2184]: Failed to mount n/a (type n/a) on /dev/shm 
(MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_NOEXEC|MS_REMOUNT|MS_NOSYMFOLLOW|MS_BIND ""): 
Permission denied
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2183]: (sd-mkdcreds) failed with exit status 1.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2183]: exec-set-credential.service: Failed to set 
up credentials: Protocol error
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Child 2183 
belongs to exec-set-credential.service.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Main process 
exited, code=exited, status=243/CREDENTIALS
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Will spawn 
child (service_enter_stop_post): /bin/sh
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: About to 
execute: /bin/sh -x -c "test \"1031(cat 
/run/credentials/exec-set-credential.service/test-execute.set-credential)\" = 
\"hoge\""
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Forked /bin/sh 
as 2186
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Changed start 
-> stop-post
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2186]: PR_SET_MM_ARG_START failed: Operation not 
permitted
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2186]: Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/, full 
unified hierarchy
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble (sh)[2186]: Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/, full 
unified hierarchy
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble sh[2186]: + test 1031(cat 
/run/credentials/exec-set-credential.service/test-execute.set-credential) = hoge
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Child 2186 
belongs to exec-set-credential.service.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Control 
process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Got final 
SIGCHLD for state stop-post.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Failed with 
result 'exit-code'.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Service will 
not restart (restart setting)
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Changed 
stop-post -> failed
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Job 2740 
exec-set-credential.service/start finished, result=failed
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: Failed to start exec-set-credential.service 
- Test for SetCredential=.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Unit entered 
failed state.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Consumed 23ms 
CPU time.
  Dec 14 19:24:24 noble systemd[1]: exec-set-credential.service: Releasing 
resources...

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