Is there any guides to this (possibly obtuse) tool?
Think of it this way. A list comprehension generates a new list. So, you should think about list comps whenever you have old_list -> new_list style behavior.
There are two advantages to list comps over map:
1) a list comp can use a predicate to filter results
[ x for x in mylist if is Prime(x) ] for instance. that would be map(lambda x: x, filter(isPrime, mylist)) which is a little more dense.
2) usually there is no need for a lambda. Not that there is anything wrong with lambdas mind you (-:
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