Vineeth Mohan wrote:
Hi,

How are variables in python passed. By value or by referrence?

Neither.

What makes you think that value and reference are the only two choices? See this Wikipedia article for a list of at least a dozen different argument passing techniques:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_strategy

Three months ago I answered a similar question. You could do worse than read this:

http://www.mail-archive.com/tutor%40python.org/msg46612.html



Is the following the only way to pass by reference? or is there any other way

To mimic the behaviour of pass-by-reference, it is more common to pass a single-element list:

>>> def modify(arg):
...     arg[0] = 23
...
>>> var = [42]
>>> modify(var)
>>> assert var[0] == 23
>>>


but using instance attributes also works.




--
Steven

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