I am closing this bug invalid -- this is expected (and correct)
behaviour.

Runing 'id' without no parameters will cause the program to issue
get[e]uid()/getg[e]id() -- which is to say, find out what are the
currently valid users and groups.

Running 'id auser' makes it issue a getpwnam(auser) -- which is to say,
it will read /etc/passwd to get the data. So... you get what is in the
/etc/passwd, not necessarily what is active.

Groups are set when an user logs in, and are not dynamically updated
when you add in a new group to the account. Running 'bash -l' makes bash
start as if it were a new login -- but it is still the same session, so
still the same original groups. This is different from a ssh session,
where a real new session is started.

You can always use 'newgrp <whatever group you want>' to move to the new
group you added -- but two things should be kept in mind:

1. 'newgrp <whatever>' will fire off a new bash, where your environment
will now be set with this new group as the current (effective) group; if
you do not want to stack shells, you should use 'exec newgrp <whatever>'

2. This change will be valid for this shell environment, not for the
rest of your logged in environment.

This is how *IX has been for as long as I can remember. If there is a
bug (it would actually be more like a wishlist), it is certainly not in
'id'... perhaps in PAM?

Anyway -- thank you for reporting this bug (even if it ended up as
NOTABUG) -- this is a quite arcane bevahiour, and may seem
counterintuitive to a lot of people, and I hope my explanation may help.
Of course, if you do not agree, please feel free to reopen.

** Changed in: coreutils (Ubuntu)
       Status: Confirmed => Invalid

-- 
Strange behavior after adding a user to a certain group, groups and id don't 
show updates
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/178059
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