This problem goes back to grub1, and grub 2 did not fix it entirely.  UUIDs 
helped, but they are not used for every disk reference.  I use the normal 
desktop gui install, from a 2G "live" usb, to a 4G usb target on a standard 
Windows laptop,  The created grub.cfg still has wrong device references for 
things like root=(hd2   instead of hd1 even though the UUID is used on the 
kernel line -- so it does not boot. At the first target reboot after 
installation, I edit the boot command to reduce the hd2 to hd1, and after 
successful boot, run update-grub to get the whole grub.cfg fixed.
   UUIDs are NOT used 100% of the time, Within the last 24 hrs, a Maverick 
install from a Maverick created live usb to a 4G pqi "smart" stick created 
fstab with /dev/sdc as /.  (how can this even boot?)  The grub.cfg file had the 
hd2 to hd1 edit to boot, and the kernel line did have the UUID.
  My first Maverick install was from a Lucid created live usb to a 4G hp 
(older) stick, and had to do the F6 ... text install.  This created an fstab 
with a UUID, but the grub.cfg had /sdc on the kernel line, as well as the usual 
wrong hd2 references.  Maybe this install was an odd ball given the manual 
intervention necessary to get the install to work.
  The cause is obvious, grub2 writes its first install configuration with all 
the devices, including the install media, which is not going to be present at 
the first reboot.  hd0 is windows on the hard disk, hd1 is the usb install 
media, and hd2 is the target.  Remove the install media, and hd0 is still 
windows, but hd2 does not exist, since the target is now hd1. I haven't been 
saving bad grob.cfg files for awhile, but I could do another install and grab 
one.  As I recall, there were comments about the devices that were also 
referring to the sdc device for the linux boot paragraphs.

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Grub Installer gets devices wrong when running from live USB
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/384633
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