I will see if I can dig up the logs, but this happened a while ago and I only 
got around to filing this bug now. Anyway, what happened on dozens of machines 
(might have been hundreds):
Machine has a working ethernet connection (to the switch)
The network itself works reliably for the whole time.
The DHCP servers fail for a prolonged timespan (several hours, long enough for 
the leases of a percentage of the machines to expire).
Client machines which retained a valid lease might have tried to renew (renewal 
time << expiry time) and failed, but dhclient kept going.
At some point, the leases for a number of machines expired.
DHCP servers came back up.
Machines that still had valid leases at this point just renewed and worked as 
expected.
Machines with expired leases didn't try to get a new lease. (I'm unsure if 
dhclient exited, or just failed to try a new discovery, but I think it actually 
exited).

I found this log snippet (that isn't very helpful, but it is from a time
close to the dhcp servers coming back (around 10am) and from a host that
failed to recover):

Nov 11 09:20:07 host dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 
interval 16
Nov 11 09:20:23 host dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 
interval 10
Nov 11 09:20:33 host dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 
interval 7
Nov 11 09:20:40 host dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 
interval 8
Nov 11 09:20:48 host dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 
interval 7
Nov 11 09:20:55 host dhclient: No DHCPOFFERS received.

No further dhclient entries after that point, until it was started again
after a reboot (no login possible, because LDAP server was
inaccessible), over 3 hours later (our renewal time is 2 hours, expiry 4
hours or more).

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1196975

Title:
  ifupdown calling dhclient with -1 causes it to fail when dhcp server
  unavailable

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