I try to update the symbols files regularly, but I admit that I don't do
it often (enough) and others aren't particularly better. Looks like the
version which ended up in ubuntu was particularly bad in this regard.

Well maintained c++ libraries are already hard to write a symbols file
for as Russ summarized a while ago [0]. The policy helpfully says that
it might not be a good idea for c++ at all. libapt adds to the pain as
it isn't very good from a maintain-view: It isn't versioned, visibility
isn't controlled, … Should I mention that a way to big part of the
symbols file deals with different gcc versions creating different
symbols? (which are of course symbols nobody cares about in the end).
Failing the package build basically means we need to build apt at least
two times with each upload: First with the first try and the second one
with a symbols file we collected from all the failures. In the hope that
we haven't forgotten one/hit another gcc version in the next try… a lot
of work for the buildd, new ports  and last but not least for an already
understaffed apt team.

Personally, I hope we can be better in the future with maintaining it,
but in the end the current state is at least a bit better than shlibs in
so far as it is likely that we will forget to update this one as well
which exposes users to bad things if they partial-upgrade/frontend
forgets to enforce a higher version for the new symbol it uses.

Or in other words: Great, we have a volunteer taking care of maintaining
it! SCNR ;)

[0] http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/journal/2012-01/008.html

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1275787

Title:
  apt does not declare all the symbols, others get auto-added with the
  most current version

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