Public bug reported:

I've recently been setting up a new server using Ubuntu 14.04 to replace
a 12.04 server, and found if not a bug, then at least a breaking change
that doesn't seem to match up intuitively with the documentation.

Both servers have postfix installed. (12.04 has 2.9.6, and 14.04 has
2.11.1, as reported by postconf mail_version.) Each have a hostname
unrelated to their FQDN. On the 12.04 server, sending mail with the
`mail` utility sends the messages as $user@$fqdn correctly. On the 14.04
server, sending mail with the `mail` utility sends the messages as
$user@$hostname instead. There don't appear to be any differences in how
they're configured. Even if I copy the whole /etc/postfix folder from
the 12.04 server to the 14.04 server and restart postfix, the issue
persists.

To make sure I'm not crazy, I tested against new 12.04 and 14.04 VMs
(using vagrant, which made it quick to test). Here are my notes. Please
tell me if there's something I'm doing wrong or overlooking.

#For 12.04
vagrant init hashicorp/precise64
#For 14.04 instead
vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64

# Connect to the new VM
vagrant up
vagrant ssh

# Now inside the VM
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install postfix mailutils
# Pick <Internet Site> option when presented
# Enter the fqdn of "blahblah.org"

# Note that the following has the machine's original hostname:
hostname
# and this has "blahblah.org":
cat /etc/mailname

# Run
echo a | mail a...@example.com

# Now check the logs to see who the email was sent as.
# On 12.04, this will give results as expected:
sudo fgrep "$u...@blahblah.org" /var/log/syslog
# On 14.04, this one will give results instead:
sudo fgrep "$USER@$(hostname)" /var/log/syslog

** Affects: postfix (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1388043

Title:
  /etc/mailname no longer used for outgoing message domain

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