A boot-up dmesg can be helpful as kernel outputs detailed memory usages such as below:
[ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000001fffffff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000020000000-0x00000000201fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000020200000-0x000000003fffffff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000401fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000040200000-0x00000000ca7b8fff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ca7b9000-0x00000000ca8c0fff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ca8c1000-0x00000000ca90cfff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ca90d000-0x00000000caa1ffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000caa20000-0x00000000caa27fff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000caa28000-0x00000000cac29fff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cac2a000-0x00000000cac4cfff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cac4d000-0x00000000cac4dfff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cac4e000-0x00000000cacaefff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cacaf000-0x00000000caccdfff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cacce000-0x00000000cacf6fff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cacf7000-0x00000000cad39fff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cad3a000-0x00000000caffffff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cb800000-0x00000000cf9fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed1c000-0x00000000fed1ffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ff000000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000022e5fffff] usable Often memory can be reserved for other purposes and therefore is not available for OS. A most common example is to be used by integrated VGA. The size can range from 16MB to 512+MB, depending on hardware design. It can also be BIOS bug if it fails to assign memory above 4GB. ** Changed in: hwe-next Status: Confirmed => Incomplete -- You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu Bugs, which is subscribed to Ubuntu. https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1434014 Title: [Lenovo E450] Run test case 'memory/info' is failed. To manage notifications about this bug go to: https://bugs.launchpad.net/hwe-next/+bug/1434014/+subscriptions -- ubuntu-bugs mailing list ubuntu-bugs@lists.ubuntu.com https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-bugs