I can now confirm that building and installing the

https://code.launchpad.net/~albertsmuktupavels/compiz/add-gtk-frame-
extents-to-net-supported

compiz branch solves the problem, as far as I can tell solving it
entirely.

At the moment I am running Debian Unstable, using the Ubuntu PPA kernel
and Mesa on Radeon graphics, this version of compiz, and mate compiled
with gtk3.16 hacked for semi-transparent panel menus. Transparency  in
the panel menus works perfectly, and CSD apps render and can be resized
just as if they were running in gnome-shell.  Looks like this simple
change to src/screen.cpp did it, now there is another issue that comes
from Metacity.

Neither this branch nor the main compiz branch will build the gtk window
decorator with Metacity 3.17 installed, so Emerald must be used for
window decoration (I don't have the kde development files installed to
build the kde window decorator) at least on my current setup.  "build
metacity" and "build gtk" must both be disabled or the build errors out.

Given that Metacity itself no longer supports metacity themes I am not
sure that can be fixed unless Compiz is to support using the theme set
for csd in the gtk theme. Then the decoration will be much too tall.

There is a way get your old window decoration theme back in Emerald. If
you have MATE installed you can run marco --replace to screenshot your
old metacity theme, then use png files of sections of the decoration to
copy your theme in Emerald's "pixmap" engine.

Long term options I see are this:

1: Rewrite Metacity support to use current Metacity and read the css
theme, not the legacy metacity themes

2: Replace Metacity support with Marco support. Most compiz installs
needing gtk-window-decorator are in Unity or MATE. This would introduce
Marco as a build dependency of compiz and thus unity.

3: Split out Marco support and Unity support, have Unity include its own
window decorator. Code could be exactly the same, but this removes an
external dependency from Unity.

4: Dump Metacity support, take over Emerald mantainance instead.  Update
Emerald theme engines or just create Emerald themes to march distro
default themes.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1436553

Title:
  Transparent windows render black with Gtk3.16 and compiz

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